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PT boards > Part 3 > Flashcards

Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what does cryotherapy do?

A

hypothermal

removes heat and reduced tissue temperature

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2
Q

local effects of cryotherapy

A 
vasoconstriction
decreased capillary pressure
edema reduction
decreased nerve metabolism
anesthetic to NS
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3
Q

hunting lewis reaction

A

vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation

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4
Q

systemic effect of cryotherapy

A

increased blood pressure

decreased blood flow

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5
Q

contraindications to cryotherapy

A 
circulatory compromise (raynaud's, buergers)
patient's hypersensitive to cold
frostbite
chilblains (sores and bumps b/c of cold
high BP
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6
Q

types of cryotherapy

A

ice packs (1 towel layer for 20 min)
blue ice (1 towel layer for 20 min)
ice immersion (10-15 min)
ice massage (5 min, constant movement)
vapocoolant sprays fluoromethane (flexibile keep 14-18” away from pt)
cryokinetics (ice massage for 5 min and ROM or movements)

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7
Q

sesnory reactions for cryotherapy

A

cold
burning
aching
numbness

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8
Q

types of heat transmission

A

convection
conduction
conversion
radiation

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9
Q

convection

A

transmission of heat by a liquid or a gas by circulation of the heated particles
whirlpool, sauna and heating a hydrocollator pack

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10
Q

conduction

A

transfer of a heat by a solid substance
hydrocollator pack
paraffin

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11
Q

conversion

A

transfer of electrical energy into heat

shortwave, microwave and ultrasound

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12
Q

radiation

A

transmission of heat without the intervening medium getting heated
infared lamp and ultraviolet lamp
most from the sun

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13
Q

physiological effects of infared

A

increases vasodilation, circulation, lymph flow

decreases muscle spams, BP

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14
Q

indications for infared

A

arthritic conditions, rheumatoid conditions, stiff joints, chronic back ache, contusions, beurger’s and raynaud’s, bell’s palsy, muscle spasm, subacute and chronic inflammatory conditions
musculoskeletal- synovitis, tenosynovitis, sprains, strains, bursitis

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15
Q

contraindications for infared

A 
hemorrhage
infection with suppuration
malignancy
decreased thermal sensations
active TB
low back and abdomen during pregnancy
encapsulated swelling
diabetes mellitus in late stages
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16
Q

penetration of infared

A

superficial vascular system

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17
Q

types of infared

A

long wave- emitted by heated bodies

short wave- incandescent

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18
Q

short wave distance, types, intensity, wavelength, frequency

A

distance: 14-18”
types: luminous, non-luminous, sunlight
intensity: 150-1500 watts
wavelength: 700-1500 millimicrons
frequency: high

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19
Q

non-luminous

A

wire bound around porcelain, steatite or carborundum

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20
Q

long wave distance, types, intensity, wavelength, frequency

A

distance: direct contact with towel layers
types: hydrocolator, hot water bottle, electric pads
intensity: 170 degrees F
wavelength: 2 millimicrons
frequency: high

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21
Q

erythema

A

redness that usually lasts 1 hour

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22
Q

erythema abigne

A

mottled (spotchy) skin in area habitually exposed to heat (infared) radiation

23
Q

describe hydrocollator packs

A

moist heat
150-170 degreesF
made of canvas filled with silica gell
must use 6 towel layers

24
Q

difference between cold and hot baths

A

cold: 55-65 degrees F, increased muscle tone, energy
hot: 98-105 degrees F, decreased BP, vasodilation, pain relief

25
Q

contrast bath description

A

temp: cold- 55-65, hot- 98-105
start with hot, bath you end in
effects must be done in 3:1 3x more hot than cold

26
Q

constrast bath effects

A

pumping vascular system raynaud’s and buerger’s end in hot

subacute edema use cold

27
Q

description of whirlpool bath

A

hot bath
20-30 min
2x per day

28
Q

effets of whirlpool bath

A

vasodilate

sedate

29
Q

description of a sitz bath

A

hot bath with only area from umbilicus to thigh immersed
hot (98-105 degrees F)
prostatitis epislotomies

30
Q

effects of a sitz bath

A

reliefe of pain from hemorrhoids, dysmenorrheas, coccydynia, prostatitiis

31
Q

describe parafin path

A

part is dippied in paraffin (125-130 F), first dip deepest, less deep after that
7-10 dips
wrap hand in hot moist towel or cellophane for 20 minutes, followed by active exercise
use mineral oil (117 F)

32
Q

why do you want to use mineral oil?

A

makes paraffin easier to peel off

lowers melting point of paraffin

33
Q

description of fluidotherapy

A

ground up corn cobbs or cellulose
dry whirlpool
no fluid. box filled with cellulose

34
Q

effects of fluidotherapy

A

vasodilate

35
Q

effects of paraffin

A

relief of pain, especially for chronic RA or OA

36
Q

UV action and use

A

thermal and photochemical

can be used to diagnose

37
Q

physiologic effects of UV

A

localized erythema
tanning of skin
metabolic effects

38
Q

describe erythema caused by UV

A

redness of skin caused by congestion of capillaries due to the release of histamine
latent dermal erythema is observed

39
Q

why does UV cause tanning of skin?

A

due to movement of melanin (phototaxia)

40
Q

metabolic effects of UV

A

Vit D synthesis, which increases metabolism

antibacterial, antifungal (tinea pedis, capitis)

41
Q

indications for UV

A 
acne
herpes zoster
fungal infections (tinea pedis and capitis)
chronic ulcers
xray
minor burns
slow healing wounds
rickets
osteomalacia
42
Q

contraindications of UV

A

malignancy
tendancy to hemorrhage
inflammation with suppuration

43
Q

how far does UV penetrate?

A

superficial, 1-2 mm

44
Q

dosage for UV

A

as patient tolerance increases, increase duration by 15 seconds
treat for a max of 3 minutes
when max has been reached, decrease distance by 2” per treatment to minimum of 18”

45
Q

maximum intensity for UV

A

3 minutes at 18”

46
Q

wavelengths for UV

A 
shortwave (near UV): 180-270mm
long wave (far UV): 270-390mm
47
Q

types of UV devices

A

hot quartz
cold quartz
orificial
wood’s light, lamp or filter

48
Q

hot quartx

A

kromayer- water cooled

49
Q

cold quartz

A

MC

neon and mercury

50
Q

orificial

A

sore throats

10-15 seconds with goggles for both patients and operator

51
Q

wood’s light

A

UV light filtered thorugh NICKEL OXIDE GLASS used for fluorescence

52
Q

cosine law AKA angulation of rays

A

optimum effect of radiation occurs when the part to be treated is at right angles to the source

53
Q

inverse square law

A

intensity of radiation from any light source varies inversely with the square of the distance from the source
(if you half the distance, the UV intensity is 4x as great)

54
Q

describe the degrees of burns

A 
0- SED suberythemal dose, no red
1- MED min. erythemal dose
2- first degree burn: sunburn
3- second degree burn- blistering
4- third degree burn- swelling

PT boards (5 decks)

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