Part 3 Flashcards
what does cryotherapy do?
hypothermal
removes heat and reduced tissue temperature
local effects of cryotherapy
vasoconstriction decreased capillary pressure edema reduction decreased nerve metabolism anesthetic to NS
hunting lewis reaction
vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation
systemic effect of cryotherapy
increased blood pressure
decreased blood flow
contraindications to cryotherapy
circulatory compromise (raynaud's, buergers) patient's hypersensitive to cold frostbite chilblains (sores and bumps b/c of cold high BP
types of cryotherapy
ice packs (1 towel layer for 20 min)
blue ice (1 towel layer for 20 min)
ice immersion (10-15 min)
ice massage (5 min, constant movement)
vapocoolant sprays fluoromethane (flexibile keep 14-18” away from pt)
cryokinetics (ice massage for 5 min and ROM or movements)
sesnory reactions for cryotherapy
cold
burning
aching
numbness
types of heat transmission
convection
conduction
conversion
radiation
convection
transmission of heat by a liquid or a gas by circulation of the heated particles
whirlpool, sauna and heating a hydrocollator pack
conduction
transfer of a heat by a solid substance
hydrocollator pack
paraffin
conversion
transfer of electrical energy into heat
shortwave, microwave and ultrasound
radiation
transmission of heat without the intervening medium getting heated
infared lamp and ultraviolet lamp
most from the sun
physiological effects of infared
increases vasodilation, circulation, lymph flow
decreases muscle spams, BP
indications for infared
arthritic conditions, rheumatoid conditions, stiff joints, chronic back ache, contusions, beurger’s and raynaud’s, bell’s palsy, muscle spasm, subacute and chronic inflammatory conditions
musculoskeletal- synovitis, tenosynovitis, sprains, strains, bursitis
contraindications for infared
hemorrhage infection with suppuration malignancy decreased thermal sensations active TB low back and abdomen during pregnancy encapsulated swelling diabetes mellitus in late stages
penetration of infared
superficial vascular system
types of infared
long wave- emitted by heated bodies
short wave- incandescent
short wave distance, types, intensity, wavelength, frequency
distance: 14-18”
types: luminous, non-luminous, sunlight
intensity: 150-1500 watts
wavelength: 700-1500 millimicrons
frequency: high
non-luminous
wire bound around porcelain, steatite or carborundum
long wave distance, types, intensity, wavelength, frequency
distance: direct contact with towel layers
types: hydrocolator, hot water bottle, electric pads
intensity: 170 degrees F
wavelength: 2 millimicrons
frequency: high
erythema
redness that usually lasts 1 hour
erythema abigne
mottled (spotchy) skin in area habitually exposed to heat (infared) radiation
describe hydrocollator packs
moist heat
150-170 degreesF
made of canvas filled with silica gell
must use 6 towel layers
difference between cold and hot baths
cold: 55-65 degrees F, increased muscle tone, energy
hot: 98-105 degrees F, decreased BP, vasodilation, pain relief
contrast bath description
temp: cold- 55-65, hot- 98-105
start with hot, bath you end in
effects must be done in 3:1 3x more hot than cold
constrast bath effects
pumping vascular system raynaud’s and buerger’s end in hot
subacute edema use cold
description of whirlpool bath
hot bath
20-30 min
2x per day
effets of whirlpool bath
vasodilate
sedate
description of a sitz bath
hot bath with only area from umbilicus to thigh immersed
hot (98-105 degrees F)
prostatitis epislotomies
effects of a sitz bath
reliefe of pain from hemorrhoids, dysmenorrheas, coccydynia, prostatitiis
describe parafin path
part is dippied in paraffin (125-130 F), first dip deepest, less deep after that
7-10 dips
wrap hand in hot moist towel or cellophane for 20 minutes, followed by active exercise
use mineral oil (117 F)
why do you want to use mineral oil?
makes paraffin easier to peel off
lowers melting point of paraffin
description of fluidotherapy
ground up corn cobbs or cellulose
dry whirlpool
no fluid. box filled with cellulose
effects of fluidotherapy
vasodilate
effects of paraffin
relief of pain, especially for chronic RA or OA
UV action and use
thermal and photochemical
can be used to diagnose
physiologic effects of UV
localized erythema
tanning of skin
metabolic effects
describe erythema caused by UV
redness of skin caused by congestion of capillaries due to the release of histamine
latent dermal erythema is observed
why does UV cause tanning of skin?
due to movement of melanin (phototaxia)
metabolic effects of UV
Vit D synthesis, which increases metabolism
antibacterial, antifungal (tinea pedis, capitis)
indications for UV
acne herpes zoster fungal infections (tinea pedis and capitis) chronic ulcers xray minor burns slow healing wounds rickets osteomalacia
contraindications of UV
malignancy
tendancy to hemorrhage
inflammation with suppuration
how far does UV penetrate?
superficial, 1-2 mm
dosage for UV
as patient tolerance increases, increase duration by 15 seconds
treat for a max of 3 minutes
when max has been reached, decrease distance by 2” per treatment to minimum of 18”
maximum intensity for UV
3 minutes at 18”
wavelengths for UV
shortwave (near UV): 180-270mm long wave (far UV): 270-390mm
types of UV devices
hot quartz
cold quartz
orificial
wood’s light, lamp or filter
hot quartx
kromayer- water cooled
cold quartz
MC
neon and mercury
orificial
sore throats
10-15 seconds with goggles for both patients and operator
wood’s light
UV light filtered thorugh NICKEL OXIDE GLASS used for fluorescence
cosine law AKA angulation of rays
optimum effect of radiation occurs when the part to be treated is at right angles to the source
inverse square law
intensity of radiation from any light source varies inversely with the square of the distance from the source
(if you half the distance, the UV intensity is 4x as great)
describe the degrees of burns
0- SED suberythemal dose, no red 1- MED min. erythemal dose 2- first degree burn: sunburn 3- second degree burn- blistering 4- third degree burn- swelling
