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PT boards > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

aerobic exercise

A

vigrorous exercise that results in oxygen consumption (50-85% of max) and heart rate (60-90% of max) and maintains this level for at least 15-20 minutes

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2
Q

aerobic exercise refers to?

A

cyclic movements caused by the contraction of large muscle masses relying on aerobic energy pathways

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3
Q

target HR equation

A

220-age=estimated max HR
estimated max HR-resting HR= X
X(0.75)+resting HR= target HR

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4
Q

williams approach

A

most LBP is acquired by walking upright in a straight position
all activities should be geared to reducing lumbar lordosis

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5
Q

“normal posture”

A

knees bent and torso slightly bent forward

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6
Q

williams flexion exercises.

A
  1. knees bent, lying supine, rolling to a sitting position while flexing lumbar spine
  2. lie supine with lumbar spine against floor
  3. lie supine, bring knees to chest
  4. sit with legs straight in front, reach for toes
  5. runner’s stretch (flexing lumbar spine)
  6. stand and slowly bend down into standing fetal position
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7
Q

makenzie approach

A

spinal assessment and therapy based on the behavior of pain and mechanical response to dynamic and static loading

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8
Q

postural pain syndrome

A

end range stress of normal structures

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9
Q

dysfunctional pain syndrome

A

end range stress leading to contracted or adherent structures

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10
Q

derangement pain syndrome

A

anatomical disruption or displacement of structure (herniated disc)

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11
Q

plyometrics exercise examples

A

any exercise which a muscle is contracted eccentrically then immediately concentrically
push up with a clap in between
jump, hop, bound, box drills, depth jumps

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12
Q

what are the 3 phases of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC)?

A

eccentric
amortization
concentric

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13
Q

acute care management should be done when?

A

first 4 weeks

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14
Q

recover care management should be done when?

A

after 4 weeks

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15
Q

when is chronic phase considered?

A

after 12 weeks

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16
Q

open chain exercise

A

perfromed typically where the hand or foot is free to move

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17
Q

describe open chain exercise

A

non-weight bearing, with movement occuring at the elbow or knee joint
if there is weight applied it is applied to the distal portion of the limb

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18
Q

open chain exercise examples

A

bench press
biceps curl
leg extensions
straight leg raisers

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19
Q

closed chain exercise

A

where hand or foot is fixed and cannot move. typically weight bearing

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20
Q

examples of closed chain exercises

A 
pushups
handstand pushups
pull ups
squats
lunges
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21
Q

What is the relationship between external demand and functional capacity?

A

the higher the external demand, with the least conditioned leads to injury

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22
Q

lower cross syndrome

A

tight iliopsoas, rectus femoris, TFL, adductor group, errector spinae, gastrocnemius, soleus
weak abdominals
weak glutes

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23
Q

upper cross syndrome tight muscles

A 
pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
levator scapulae
teres major
upper trapezius
anterior deltoid
subscapularis
latissimus dorsi
teres major
SCM
scalene
rectus capitis
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24
Q

lower cross syndrome results in?

A

anterior rotation of pelvis
increased lumbar lordosis
hips in flexion
knees may be hyperextended

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25
Q

what is the iliopsoas action at the origin?

A

flexes hip joint by flexing femur on trunk as in supine alternate leg-raising and may assisst in lateral rotation and abduction of hip joint

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26
Q

what is the iliopsoas action at the insertion?

A

bilateral: flexes hip joint by flexing trunk on femur, as in sit-up from supine position

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27
Q

rectus femoris (quadriceps)

A

extends knee joint and rectus femoris portion flexes the hip joint

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28
Q

TFL action

A

abducts, flex, medially rotates hip joint

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29
Q

adductor group action, what muscles are included?

A

adducts lower limb

lower adductors, adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis

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30
Q

erector spinae action

A

extension of vertebral column in lower thoracic area; draws ribs downward

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31
Q

gastrocnemius action

A

plantar flees ankle joint and assists in flexion of knee joint

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32
Q

soleus action

A

plantar flexes ankle joint

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33
Q

weak/inhibited muscles in lower cross syndrome

A 
rectus abdominus
oblique
gluteus max
gluteus med
hamstrings
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34
Q

common injuries with someone who has lower cross syndrome?

A

low back pain
knee pain
hamstring strains

35
Q

rectus abdominus action

A

vertebral column by approximating thorax and pelvis anteriorly

36
Q

rectus abdominus action with pelvis fixed

A

thorax will move toward pelvis

37
Q

rectus abdominus action with thorax fixed

A

pelvis will move toward thorax

38
Q

what are the different fibers in the oblique abdominal group?

A 
external anterior fibers
external lateral fibers
internal lower internal fibers
internal upper anterior fibers
internal lateral fibers
39
Q

what do the oblique abdominals do bilaterally?

A

flex the vertebral column

support and compress abdominal visceral

40
Q

what does the oblique abdominals do unilaterally?

A

rotate vertebral column, bringing thorax forward or pelvis backward

41
Q

general action of glute max

A

extend and laterally rotate hip joint

42
Q

lower fibers of glute max do what?

A

assisst in adductors of hip joint

43
Q

upper fibers of glute max do what?

A

assist abductors in hip joint

44
Q

glute meduis generally does what?

A

abducts hip joint

45
Q

anterior fibers of glute medius do what?

A

medially rotate and may assisst in flexion of hip joint

46
Q

posterior fibers of glute medius do what?

A

laterally rotate and may assist in extension

47
Q

semitendinosus and semimembranosus action

A

flexes and medially rotates knee joint

extends and assists in medial rotation of hip joint

48
Q

long and short head of biceps femoris action

A

flex and laterally rotate knee joint

long head extends and assists in lateral rotation of hip joint

49
Q

origin pectoralis major action

A

adducts and medially rotates humerus

50
Q

insertion pectoralis major action

A

may assist in elevating the thorax, (forced inspiration)

in crutch walking or parallel-bar wok, it will assist in supporting the weight of the body

51
Q

pactoralis minor origin action

A

tilts scapula anteirorly (rotates the scapula about a coronal ais so coracoid process moves anteirorly and caudally while inferior angle moves posteriorly and meidally)

52
Q

pectoralis minor insertion with scapula fixed action

A

assists in forced inspiration

53
Q

levatorscapulae origin action

A

elevates scapula, assists in rotation so that the glenoid cavity faces caudally

54
Q

levator scapulae insertion fixes, unilateral action

A

laterally flexes the cervical vertebrae, and rotates toward the same side

55
Q

levator scapulae insertion fixes, bilateral action

A

may assist in extension of cervical spine

56
Q

teres major action

A

internal rotation, adducts, extends the shoulder joint

57
Q

upper trapezius origin fixed action

A

adduction of scapula (middle fibers, stabilized by upper and lower fibers)
rotation of scapula so glenoid cavity faces cranially (upper and lower fibers, middle fibers stabilize)
upper fibers elevate
lower fibers depress scapula

58
Q

general action of upper trapezius

A

elevation of clavicle

accessory muscle of respiration

59
Q

anterior deltoid action

A

abduction of shoulder joint

anterior fibers flex and in supine position medially rotate shoulder joint

60
Q

subscapularis action

A

internal rotation of shoulder joint

stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid cavity during movements of this joint

61
Q

what is the action of latissimus dorsi at the origin when it’s fixed?

A

internal rotation, adducts, and extends shoulder joint

depresses shoulder girdle and assists in lateral flexion of the trunk

62
Q

what is the action of the latissimus dorsi at the insertion while fixed?

A

assists in tilting pelvis both anteriorly and laterally

63
Q

what is the action of the latissimus dorsi bilaterally?

A

assists in hyperextending the spine and anteriorly tilting pelvis or flexing spine, depending on relation to axes of motion
may also act as an accessory muscle of respiration

64
Q

what is the action of SCM, scalenes adn rectus capitis anterior bilaterally? unilaterally?

A

bilaterally: flexion of head
unilaterally: rotation of head

65
Q

long, weak muscles

A 
rhomboids
lower trap
serratus anterior
posterior deltoid
teres minor
infraspinatus
posterior deltoid
longus coli 
longus capitis
66
Q

rhomboid action

A

adduct and elevate scapula

rotate scapula so glenoid cavity faces caudally

67
Q

lower traps action

A

adduction, depression, assistance with lateral rotation of scapula

68
Q

serratus anterior orgin fixed

A

abducts scapula, rotates inferior angle laterally and glenoid cavity canailly, holds medial border of scapula firmly against rib care
lower fibers may depress scapula, upper fibers may elevate it slightly

69
Q

insertion of serratus anterior fixed

A

scapula stabilized in adduction, serratus may act in forced inspiration

70
Q

posterior deltoid action

A

abduction of shoulder sjoint

71
Q

teres minor action

A

external rotation of shoulder joint

stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid cavity during movements of this joint

72
Q

infraspinatus action

A

external rotation of shoulder joint

stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid cavity during movements of the joint

73
Q

longus colli action bilaterally? unilaterally?

A

bilaterally: flexion
unilaterally: rotation

74
Q

types of contractions

A

isometric
isotonic
isokinetic

75
Q

isometric contraction

A

muscle contraction with no change in its length and no joint movement as when 2 opposing muscles contract in opposite directions

76
Q

example of isometric contraction

A

patient clasps one hand into the other and pull in opposite directions to one another

77
Q

isotonic contraction

A

muscle is contracted by changing its length

there is joint movement against a constant weight

78
Q

what are the types of isotonic contractsions?

A

concentric

eccentric

79
Q

concentric isotonic contraction

A

shortening of the muscle as in flexing the forearm producing contraction of biceps

80
Q

eccentric isotonic contraction

A

muscle lengthens while tension is maintained

after forearm is flexed you then extend the forearm agaisnt resistance

81
Q

isokinetic contraction

A

muscle changes in length while a constantly changing pressure or resitance is offered to the muscle at a constant speed through full ROM

82
Q

example of isokinetic contraction

A

exercising muscles using a Cybex machine

83
Q

contractions rules of 10

A 
10 contractios
10 relaxations
10 reps
10 sets
10 angles

PT boards (5 decks)

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