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PT boards > Part 4 > Flashcards

Part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

physiological effects of shortwave and microwave diathermy

A

increases: temp, pulse, respiration, BMR, lymph flow, elimination, nutrition, vasodilation, glandular secretions
decreases: BP, nerve pain, muscle cramps, muscle spasms

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2
Q

indications for shortwave diathermy

A 
arthritis, sprain
bursitis, tenosynovitis
radiculitis, neuroitis, neuralgia
bronchitis
sinusitis
PID
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3
Q

indications for microwave diathermy

A 
hip conditions
straain
myalgia
myositis
fibrositis
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4
Q

contraindications to shortwave and microwave diathermy

A

generalized contraindications for all and heat
metallic implants, epiphyseal centers, moist dressings, phlebitis, varicositis, advanced osteoporosis, occlusive arterial disease, edema, brain, surface metal
microwave only: sinusitis, otitis media

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5
Q

shortwave diathermy distance, intensity, duration, mode

A

distance: direct
intensity: patient tolerance
duration: 20-30 min
mode: outside in

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6
Q

microwave diathermy distance, intensity, duration, mode

A

distance: 1-5”
intensity: varies
duration: 10-20 min
mode: inside out

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7
Q

what electrodes do you use for sinusitis?

A

butterfly electrodes

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8
Q

what does shortwave diathermy need as far as requirements?

A

needs to be registered with FCC because it is the same frequency as radio and TV

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9
Q

what must be used when using microwave diathermy?

A

mesh goggles

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10
Q

ultrasound actions

A

thermal: increases heat
mechanical: micromassage (main use)
chemical (increases oxidation)
neural (mild anesthesia)

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11
Q

physiological effects thermally with ultrasound

A

hyperemia, increased alkalosis, increased keukocytes, increased glandular activity, reduce muscle spasm and deep heating

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12
Q

physiological effects mechanically with ultrasound

A

dispersion of fluids, removes exudates, increased molecular and increased membrane permeability

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13
Q

physiological effects chemically with ultrasound

A

increase gaseous exchange and increase chemical oxidation aids in healing

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14
Q

physiological effects neurally with ultrasound

A

mild anesthesia

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15
Q

indications of ultrasound

A

joint and musculoskeletal inflammation

subacute sprains, strains, contusions, tendonitis bursitis

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16
Q

ultrasound contraindications

A 
same as general heat contraindications
spinal cord
plexuses
ganglia
over epiphysis
bony prominence (unless under water)
fractures
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17
Q

penetration of ultrasound

A

deepest heat modality

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18
Q

frequency of ultrasound

A

high, 0.7-1.1 (MHz) megacycles/second

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19
Q

distance of ultrasound

A 
even surfaces (coupling agen to skin)
coupling agent (gels and lotions) must be used. uneven surfaces, underwater 1" from skin
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20
Q

examples of bony prominences

A 
hand
wrist
elbow
foot 
ankle
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21
Q

therapeutic range for ultrasound

A

0.5-2.5 watts/sq cm

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22
Q

duration for ultrasound

A

acute: 4min (flexible)
subacute: 6min (flexible)
chronic: 10 min (max, stone)

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23
Q

phonophoresis

A

used with ultrasound- substance can be introduced into the tissues by incorporating cream, lotion or gel as a coupling medium

24
Q

mineral ice

A

vitamin A and E creams used for phonophoresis

heads need to be checked every year for seal leakage

25
Q

direct currents (all have polarity)

A

low volt galvanic
high volt
TENS

26
Q

low volt galvanic

A

unidirectional/monophasic/continuous wave

has strong polarity

27
Q

high volt

A

unidirectional/monophasic/twin peaked/puled wave

for pain control

28
Q

alternating currents (no polarity)

A

sine wave
faradic
inteferential

29
Q

sine wave

A

bidirectional/biplasic/symmetrical wave

for muscle contraction

30
Q

faradic

A

bidirectional/biphasic/asymmetrical wave

for muscle contraction

31
Q

interferential

A

2 medium frequency crossing sine waves
deepest penetrating, least resistant
for pain control, edema reduction, muscle contraction

32
Q

iontophoresis

A

soluble ionic salts are introduced into teh body tissues by electrical means
used with galvanic

33
Q

what are electropositive substances for iontophoresis?

A

bases, metals, alkaloids

34
Q

what are electronegative substances for iontophoresis?

A

acids, acid radicles

35
Q

anode

A

attracts negative ions

36
Q

cathode

A

attracts positive ions

37
Q

watts

A

power

38
Q

amps

A

current or number of electons

39
Q

ohms

A

resistance

40
Q

volts

A

EMF force

41
Q

joules

A

laser power

42
Q

rheobase

A

min stimulus to cause contraction

43
Q

chronaxie

A

minimum amount of time to cause a contraction at 2x rheobase

44
Q

negative poles for galvanic are used for?

A 
adnesions
bursitis
bruises
scars
sprains
strains
45
Q

elements used with negative poles for galvanic?

A

adhesions: KI or colloidal iodine
bursitis: Na salicylate or colloidal iodine
bruses: active pad moistened
scars: NaCl
sprains: KI
strains: novocaine and alcohol

46
Q

positive poles for galvanic are used for?

A

edema: MgSO4
fibrositis: histamine
fungus: CuSO4
neuritis: histamine

47
Q

action of low volt galvanic

A

electrochemical

electrokinetic

48
Q

physiological effects of low volt galvanic (positive pole)

A 
acute pain relief
vasoconstriction
hardens tissue
attracts oxygen
repels hydrogen
attracts acids
repels bases
49
Q

physiological effects of low volt galvanic (negative pole)

A 
chronic pain relief
vasodilation
softens tissue
attracts hydrogen
repels oxygen
attracts bases
repels acids
50
Q

indications for low voltage galvanic

A 
contusions
sprains
myositis
birositis
electrodiagnosis
denervated muscle
onlyLVG can do
iontophoresis
51
Q

contraindications for LVG

A

general contraindications

decresed sensation

52
Q

penetration, frequency and distance for LVG

A

penetration: deep
frequency: low
distance: soaked pads are placed directly on the skin

53
Q

intensity and duration of LVG

A

intensity: 0.5-1.0 milliamp/in squared of active electrode
duration: 5-20 minutes every day

54
Q

how is LVG used for diagnosis?

A

test for reaction of degneration (RD) (LMN lesion), whihc is the anatomical and electrical change that occurs in muscles and nerves followign an injury which separates the muscle from its anteerior horn cell

55
Q

what are the modalities presently used to determine degeneration?

A

NCV

EMG

56
Q

describe the pads of the LVG

A

dispersal or indifferent pad is negative and larger

active or treating pad is positve and smaller

PT boards (5 decks)

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