Part 4 - How do nervous tissues work

Question 1

What is the membrane potential?

Answer 1

Force required to keep the charges distributed

The inner cell has much lower membrane potential

Question 2

What is resting potential?

Answer 2

between - 60 to -80 mV and around -70 mV.

It is the charge at which the membrane is at when there no signal being passed, when all the gates are being closed

Question 3

What are the channels?

Answer 3

Potassium and Sodium channels

Question 4

What happens when the channels are open?

Answer 4

The ion flow is allowed when interacting with a chemical, which is the neurotransmitter

Question 5

What are gated channels?

Answer 5

The channels that open by means of magnetic field

Question 6

When does all-or-nothing event happen?

Answer 6

When the degree of depolarization reaches its potential
during this event, most of sodium channels open and allow sodium influx to be maximized. it goes until a certain level, after which it closes and does not allow any more ions in. Potassium gates open next allowing potassium to leave

Question 7

What is E-flux?

Answer 7

When potassium channels are open and K leaves, repolarization happens

Question 8

What is hyperpolarization?

Answer 8

It is when the charge in cytoplasm will go down and eventually below the resting potential. This will take effort of the sodium/potassium atp-ase pump, which will result in a slight overcharge, and eventually a return to the resting potential

Question 9

What are Schwann cells?

Answer 9

In Mammals the axons are being wrapped in a fatty insulted cells

Question 10

What is the membrane made of that is wrapped around the axon?

Answer 10

Myelin Sheath

Question 11

What is Nodes of Ranvier for?

Answer 11

It allows for enhance speed of information

Question 12

What is located on the axon?

Answer 12

Pre-synaptic membrane

Question 13

What is located on the dendrite?

Answer 13

Post-synaptic membrane

Question 14

Where are neurotransmitters located?

Answer 14

On the dendrite

Question 15

What do neurotransmitters do?

Answer 15

Generate action potentials that will move down the dendrite to the next axon or muscle cell

Question 16

What are the types of neurotransmitters?

Answer 16

Ach
generates an action potential, and because it generates the action potential, the potential is called an excretory action potential
GABA
causes inhibition of the receiving axon
inhibitory post-synaptic potential
lowers the resting potential of the membrane, however, there will be no response although the potential comes close to the resting potential
Enzyme Acetylcholine esterase
produces acetate and choline