part 4

Question 1

Cytotoxic CD8 T cells recognize antigen presented by___________ and kill the cell—> (this leads to)________

Answer 1

MHC class 1 molecules.

leads to cell-mediated response

Question 2

The peptide: MHC class 1 complex is detected by________-_________

Answer 2

The peptide: MHC class I complex on virus-infected cells is detected by antigen-specific
cytotoxic T cells → Cytotoxic T cells kill the infected cells they recognize

Question 3

Why can’t innate response differentiate between pathogens?

Answer 3

Because they only recognize the same patterns

Question 4

What is the function of (pattern recogntition receptors, PRRs) and what is another name for it?

Answer 4

other name- Germ-line encoded
Function- Immune responses rely on recognition molecules to recognize antigens

Question 5

What do Germ-line encoded (pattern recognition receptors, PRRs) bind to? What is an example of a different type of PAMPs

Answer 5

• Bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns
  (PAMPs)―generic molecules found on many different
  types of pathogens (e.g., peptidoglycan)
• Complete genes in germ cells expressed directly in
  somatic cell

Question 6

Sensor cells express PRRs that provide an initial ____________ between ______ and _______. Also give an example.

Answer 6

Sensor cells express PRRs that provide an initial discrimination between self and nonself.

Example- macrophages

Question 7

Function of sensor cells and which system they are found in

Answer 7

Sensor cells induce an inflammatory response by producing mediators such as chemokines and cytokines.

• causes inflammation. This is found in innate systems

Question 8

What is the importance of neutrophils and macrophages? Which system are the mostly found in?

Answer 8

Neutrophils and
macrophages are the
principal inflammatory
cells. Later in an immune
response, activated
lymphocytes can also
contribute to
inflammation.

Innate system

Question 9

What does the interaction of antigens with antigen receptors induce?

Answer 9

• The interaction of antigens with antigen receptors induces lymphocytes to acquire effector and memory activity.

Aquired immunity

Question 10

Randomly generated (B and T cell receptors)
 Bind to what?

Answer 10

Bind to very specific antigens, rather than generic molecules found on many
pathogens

Aquired immunity

Question 11

Incomplete gene segments in germ cells leads to?

Answer 11

Incomplete gene segments in germ cells —> somatic gene rearrangement —>complete receptor genes  then expressed

Question 12

TCR is or isn’t produced in secreted form?
BCR is or isn’t produced in secreted form?

Answer 12

TCR is not produced in
a secreted form
BCR has secreted form

Question 13

Immune responses rely on recognition molecules to recognize antigens
* Germ-line encoded (pattern recognition receptors, PRRs)
 Bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns
(PAMPs)―generic molecules found on many different
types of pathogens (e.g., peptidoglycan)
 Complete genes in germ cells expressed directly in 
somatic cells
 Sensor cells express PRRs that provide an initial
discrimination between self and nonself
 Sensor cells induce an inflammatory response by
producing mediators such as chemokines and cytokines.

Knowing this, how does it all come together. For example, let us say that our sensor cells notice a bacteria is different from our cells, what happens next?

Answer 13

1. Bacteria triggers macrophages to release cytokine and chemokines
2. vasodilation and increase vascular permeability causes redness, heat, and swelling
3. Inflammatory cells migrate into tissue, releasing inflammatory mediators that cause pain.