ch. 1 part 3 Flashcards
How does humoral immunity combat pathogens? What are they produced by? What types of immunity can be passed between individuals
Via antibodies
antibodies are produced by B cells
Antibodies can be transferred between individuals to provide passive immuntiy.
What does cell-mediated immunity involve? What are some of the functions?
- Primarily T lymphocytes
- ca clear self-cells, or support other immune cells to combat pathogens
Immune responses can select from several effector modules to protect against different types of pathogens. What is an effector and provide some examples.
Effector= any cells that are cleaning up pathogens
Antibodies protect against
extracellular pathogens and their
toxic products
T cells orchestrate cell-mediated
immunity and regulate B-cell
responses to most antigens.
Effector module- cytotoxicity
Explain the cell types, functions and mechanisms
NK cells, CD8 T cells
Elimination of virally infected and metabolically stress cells
Effector module-intracellular immunity (Type 1)
ILHC1, Th1 cells
elimination of intracellular pathogens, activation of macrophages
Effector module-Mucosal and barrier immunity (Type 2)
ILC2, TH2 cells
Elimination and expulsion of parasites; recruitment of eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells
Extracellular immunity (Type 3)
ILC3, TH17 cells
elimination of extracellular bacteria and fungi; recruitment and activation of neutrophils
Name the main effector modules (4)
1.Cytotoxicity
2. Intracellular immunity (Type 1)
3. Mucosal and barrier immunity (Type 2)
4. Extracellular immunity (Type 3)
Antibodies protect against what type of pathogens
Extracellular pathogens and their toxic products
What is the layers infection goes througn
Physical barriers—>innate immune system—>adaptive immune system
When the innate immune system is catvated, the adaptive immune system is then reinforced.
Adaptive immune response will happen after innate immunity. It needs innate immunity to occur before it can happen.
T cells orchestrate what type of immunity? What do they regulate?
T cells orchestrate cell-mediated immunity and regulate B-cell
responses (humoral immunity, or Ab-mediated) to most antigens
Where are MHC molecules found? What do they display (this is their function). What is the point of this?
- Found on the cell surface
- Display peptide fragments of antigens
T cells are not able to identify pathogens. These cells need MHC molecules that will display peptide fragments of antigens in order to recognize the pathogen because antigens are found on the surface of pathogens.
Define MHC molecules
membrane
proteins whose outer extracellular
domains form a cleft in which a peptide
fragment is bound.
Where are peptide fragments derived from in MHC molecules
The peptide fragments are derived from proteins degraded inside the cell and include both self and foreign protein
antigens.
What are 2 kinds of MHC molecules
MHC class 1 and MHC class 2; they have related but distinct structures and functions
