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history: conflict & tension > part 3 > Flashcards

part 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

names hitler’s foreign policies

A

lebensraum in the east
overturn the treaty of versailles
unite germany in a greater germany (volkdeutsche)
anschluss
destroy communism
rearmament

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2
Q

dollfuss affair

A

Hitler wanted anchluss but dollfuss didn’t. He encouraged Austrian Nazis to cause havoc, they did and also killed Dollfuss. Austrian government regained power and Hitler denied any involvement. Failed attempt.

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3
Q

when was dollfuss assassinated?

A

25th july 1934

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4
Q

how did Chamberlain return to Britain after Munich conference?

A

as a hero, declaring he had created ‘peace in our time’

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5
Q

why did Hitler hate communism?

A

it had been invented by a Jewish man, Hitler felt that Jewry and communism were the same and were responsible for Germany’s problems

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6
Q

when was the Stresa Front agreed?

A

April 1935

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7
Q

rome-berlin axis

A

october 25th 1936
germany and italy agreed to work together in a war

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8
Q

what happened leading up to the anschluss-12th feb meeting

A

-Schuschnigg banned nazi party in jan 1938
-met at Berghof where hitler demanded he lift ban
also demanded nazi prisoners to be released and nazis to be put in charge of key government posts (Seyss-Inquart)
-hitler would occupy austria if demands refused
-Schuschnigg arranged a plebiscite in austria on reunification

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9
Q

events leading up to anschluss-results of Berghof meeting

A

-Hitler desperate to avoid a no vote, show britain and france the people wanted anschluss
-nazis created trouble in austria declaring austrian people asking for help off germany
-11th march, hitler sends ultimatum to Schuschnigg
-schuschnigg and cabinet resign apart from Seyss-Inquart who became chancellor and invited german army to restore order
-12th march-hitler invaded austria to complete anschluss

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10
Q

what happened after anschluss?

A

-france or britain didn’t stop him-appeasement, french government resigned
-plebiscite held in april 1938
-99.7% in favour of nazis but vote was rigged

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11
Q

importance of anschluss

A

-strategic-austria a gateway into south east europe
-economic-austrian gold help repay rearmament deficit, austria rich in manufacturing resources
-international relation-hitler and mussolini strengthen relation, gb and france clearly not prepared to fight

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12
Q

what happened in remilitarisation of the rhineland?

A

-League distracted with abysinnia so hitler sent troops into Rhineland
-greeted by civilians
-troops told to retreat if they met resistance but there was no resistance

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13
Q

why did hitler invade rhineland at that point?

A

-league weak
-hitler watched manchuria/abyinnia and league didn’t do anything
-help overturn treaty
-france wouldn’t do anything without britian
-15 million germans lived in rhineland (lebensraum)
-needed control over borders

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14
Q

what did hitler promise chamberlain on 15th september 1938?

A

invasion of the sudetendland would be his last territorial request in europe

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15
Q

which countries went to the munich conference?

A

france, britain, italy and germany

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16
Q

when did hitler invade the rest of czechoslovakia?

A

15th march 1939

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17
Q

what was anschluss?

A

unification of austria and germany

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18
Q

when was saar plebiscite held?

A

january 1935

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19
Q

when was the anglo-german naval agreement?

A

june 1935

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20
Q

when and where did hitler show off weapons he had made?

A

march 1935 at the freedom to rearm rally, built an army of over 1 million men

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21
Q

what was the saar plebiscite?

A

-saar was a rich industrial area given to league for 15 years
-agreement due to expire so a plebiscite was held to decide who would govern the area
-90% voted germany and hitler used this as propaganda (volkdeutsche)
-gained rich coalfields which powered industries

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22
Q

what was the stresa front?

A

agreement between britain, france and italy to guarantee terms of locarno, protect austrian independence and work to stop hitler from breaking anymore terms
gave italy confidence to invade abyssinia as it only mentioned peace in europe

23
Q

what was anglo-german naval agreement?

A

-britain said germany could build his navy to 35% of britain’s
-submarine fleet 45% of britain’s
-germany respected britain’s naval supremacy
-hitler saw this as britain admitting treaty was too harsh and he could ignore it

24
Q

what was lebensraum?

A

living space
Hitler wanted to expand germany into the east

25
Q

what was volksdeutsch?

A

german blood
hitler wanted to unite all german speaking people

26
Q

when was the rhineland remilitarised?

A

7th march 1936

27
Q

what was the league’s reaction to the rhineland?

A

-france had an election and government didn’t want to risk losing votes
-many in britain felt hitler was taking back what was rightfully his

28
Q

when did Hitler achieve anschluss?

A

12th march 1938

29
Q

why did hitler want to invade the sudetenland?

A

-contained 3 million germany speaking people (volkdeutsche)
-bordering germany so was easy to invade (lebensraum)
-he thought USSR might invade through czechoslovakia
-first step in destroying czechoslovakia (overturn treaty)

30
Q

what excuse did hitler use to invade the sudetenland?

A

the germans in the sudetenland were discriminated against

31
Q

who was the british prime minister and what was his main foreign policy?

A

neville chamberlain, appeasement

32
Q

what occurred on 22nd september 1938?

A

-chamberlain returned to germany and told hitler that the czechoslovakians would give him the sudetenland
-hitler then changed his demands so that the czechoslovakian army must leave the land and hand it over to him, demanded hungary and poland receive some land
-chamberlain calls this unreasonable and readies british navy for war

33
Q

when was the munich conference?

A

september 29th 1938

34
Q

what was agreed in the munich conference?

A

germany could have the sudetenland but wouldn’t invade the rest of czechoslovakia

35
Q

what was the pact of steel?

A

-military alliance between italy and germany
-made in 1939
-mussolini watched germany’s empire expand and wanted to do the same
-agreed to support other in a war

36
Q

what was agreed in the nazi-soviet pact and when?

A

-august 1939
-germany and ussr agreed to not attack each other in a war, and to invade poland and share the land
-non-aggression pact, ruled out war between them for 10 years
-trade deals, germany would receive grain, raw materials and rubber, USSR receive industrial goods

37
Q

who was the leader of the USSR

A

stalin

38
Q

why did stalin want to take part in the pact?

A

-stalin lost trust in the league to protect the USSR
-felt distrusting and angry to france and britain after being excluded from the munich conference, needed a new ally
-wanted more time for russia to prepare for the war
-poland could act as a buffer to stop attacks from west

39
Q

why did hitler want to take part in the nazi-soviet pact?

A

-to prevent a war on two fronts
-time to rearm
-gain new territory without having to fight
-guarantee when he invaded poland, ussr wouldn’t intefere (lebensraum)
-poland had been created from land taken from them

40
Q

spanish civil war

A

-1936 war broke out between communists and rebels
-mussolini and hitler sent troops to support franco
-hitler used as an opportunity to fight communists and try out his new armed forces
-gained an ally of spain if franco won

41
Q

anti-comintern pact

A

-november 1936
-agreement made by japan and germany to fight against communism
-mussolini later joined in 1937

42
Q

when and what was the pact of steel?

A

-1939
-italy and germany agreed to protect one another in a war, japan later joined

43
Q

LOUDER

A

lebensraum
overturn the T of V
unite german speaking people (volkdeutsche), including anshcluss
destroy communism
rearmament

44
Q

british reaction to foreign policy

A

-APPEASEMENT
-turned a blind eye due to horrors of war
-people thought USSR were a bigger threat
-thought treaty was too harsh

45
Q

usa reaction to foreign policy

A

-ISOLATIONISM
-roosevelt focused on rebuilding economy after depression
-promised to keep america out of war
-asked hitler not to invade other countries, not taken seriously
-took a backseat

46
Q

french reaction to foreign policy

A

-ignored hitler
-still suffering from depression
-internal rebellion, own problems
-couldn’t act without support of britain

47
Q

russian reaction to foreign policy

A

-hostility and paranoia
-concerned about hitler
-wary of usa, britain and france
-joined league in 1934
-1935 agreement with france
-co-operated with capitalist countries

48
Q

early september 1938

A

-nazis in sudetenland rioted against government
-hitler demanded the sudetenland become part of germany

49
Q

15th september 1938

A

-chamberlain flew to hitler’s home and met with him
-hitler told him germany needed complete control of sudetenland for crisis to be solved
-agreed withput consulting czechoslovakia

50
Q

29-30th september 1938

A

-munich agreement
-britain and france desperate to avoid war and happy to accept hitler’s demands
-hitler promised to respect borders of czechoslovakia

51
Q

10th october 1938

A

-hitler marched troops into sudetenland, an area he had no right to, with no international opposition
-czechoslovakia now lost defences and open to further attack from germany
-sudetenland newest area of greater germany

52
Q

arguments for appeasement

A

-felt treaty had been too harsh, hitler could overturn parts
-didn’t want another war
-hitler’s action gave people what they wanted
-chamberlain greeted as a hero for avoiding war
-great depression meant britain and france couldn’t afford war
-no support from usa if war was to break out
-britain not ready to fight

53
Q

arguments against appeasement

A

-people misjudged hitler
-people missed opportunities to stop him
-more hitler was given, more confident he grew
-appeasement was morally wrong-left countries like austria occupied by nazis who mistreated people
-appeasement alienated USSR, so britain and france’s relationship strained with them

54
Q

consequences of nazi-soviet pact?

A

-if war broke out, britain and france would have to fight germany without support of USSR
-pact made war inevitable
-soviet union invaded eastern half of poland, latvia, estonia and lithuania
-hitler could invade poland without fear about the soviet union, already knew Britain and France wouldn’t do anything due to Rhineland, Abyssinia

history: conflict & tension (4 decks)

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