part 1 Flashcards
terms of the armistice
german troops would evacuate france and belgium within 2 weeks, would surrender its heavy weapons and naval blockade would remain in place, germany was to blame
how much of Germany’s annual income did the reparations take?
2%
article 231
war guilt clause: germany had to accept blame for the war
how did Lloyd George feel about treaty?
- worried it was too harsh
- reduction of german navy was important for britian’s power at sea
- british trade would suffer if germany was too weak
- public wanted revenge so were mostly satisfied but thought it could be harsher
- he privately feared it would lead to further conflict ‘we will have to fight a war in 25 year times’
wilson’s aims
- to end war by creating a league of nations
- to ensure germany was not destroyed
- public wanted a system of isolationism
- fair to germany and keep peace in europe
clemenceau’s aims
- to ensure germany never rises to power again so another world war doesn’t happen
- weaken germany as much as possible
- didn’t support 14 points
t of v-land
- germany split in two by polish corridor, given to poland to allow sea access
- saar put under control of league for 15 years
- danzig taken and given to league as a free city
- colonies in africa given as mandates to league
- lost 10% of its land
- rhineland demilitarised
- alsace lorraine given to france
t of v-military
- navy limited to 15000 men, 1500 officers, 6 battleships
- not allowed submarines or an air force
- no defence against france-rhineland
- army limited to 100000, no conscription
t of v-blame
- article 231
- war guilt clause
- germany had to take full responsibility for starting war
t of v-money
- reparations
- £6.6 billion
who were the big 3?
woodrow wilson
georges clemenceau
david lloyd george
when was the armistice signed?
november 11th 1918
what were lloyd george’s aims?
- trade with germany again
- take away all of germany’s colonies (remove power)-wanted this as they threatened british empire
- felt less strongly than clemceau-wanted germany to be able to recover economically
- public disagreed
when was the t of v signed?
28th june 1919
how did german public feel about treaty?
- believed in heroism of their troops so wouldn’t admit defeat
- article 231 humiliating
- referred to as diktat
- people who signed called november criminals
- shocked by severity as germany had been forced into it
- thought treaty would be based on 14 points which were lenient
how did clemenceau feel about treaty?
- thought germany wasn’t weak enough
- demiliatrising rhineland gave france more security
- wanted higher reparations to cripple germany forever
- wanted no army at all
how did wilson feel about treaty?
- unhappy that just 1 of his 14 points was accepted
- pleased about creation of league
- us senate objected to treaty and never signed, concerned it may cause us to become involved in a future war
how much of germany’s population did the treaty take?
10%
how much of germany’s land did the treaty take?
13%
strengths of treaty
- temporarily brought peace to europe in 1920s, eliminating germany as a threat
- created league of nations
- could have been harsher but chose not to
- allies allowed germany to exist as a country, not split into states
weaknesses of treaty
- harsh on germany especially article 231 which would go on to cause a future war
- applied more harshly to germany than allies
- caused economic and political instability in germany (hyperinflation)
- wilson had too much belief in the league
what did all three agree on?
- germany should pay reparations
- germany was to blame
- to take germany’s colonies away
what did they disagree on?
- land to lose
- amount of reparations
- reduction of army
