Part 1

Question 1

What happens to a cell with a hypotonic solution?

Answer 1

cells swell

water is transported into the cell

Question 2

What is the milliosmols of a hypotonic solution?

Answer 2

<250

Question 3

What happens to a cell with an isotonic solution?

Answer 3

the water being transported in and out of the cell is equal

Question 4

What is the milliosmols of a isotonic solution?

Answer 4

250 - 375

Question 5

What happens to a cell with a hypertonic solution?

Answer 5

the cell shrinks

water is transported out of the cell

Question 6

What is the milliosmols of a hypertonic solution?

Answer 6

> 375

Question 7

Physical assessment of fluid and electrolyte needs - Neurological System:
What can affect LOC?

Answer 7

• fluid volume and sodium

- acid base imbalances (respiration possibly?): paresthesia

Question 8

Physical assessment of fluid and electrolyte needs - Neurological System:
What electrolytes cause abnormal reflexes?

Answer 8

Ca+
Mg+
(this can be seen with Trousseau’s and Chovstek’s signs)

Question 9

Physical assessment of fluid and electrolyte needs - Neurological System:
What causes flaccid paralysis?

Answer 9

hyperkalemia

Question 10

Physical assessment of fluid and electrolyte needs - Cardiovascular System:
What is a good indication of how a patient is tolerating the ECF volume?

Answer 10

quality and rate of pulse

Question 11

Physical assessment of fluid and electrolyte needs - Cardiovascular System:
What can postural hypotension be a sign of?

Answer 11

fluid volume deficit

Question 12

Physical assessment of fluid and electrolyte needs - Cardiovascular System:
What do flat neck veins in the supine position indicate?

Answer 12

decreased plasma volume

Question 13

Physical assessment of fluid and electrolyte needs - Cardiovascular System:
What does it mean if the neck veins are distended from top portion of the sternum to the angle of the jaw?

Answer 13

indicates elevated venous pressure

Question 14

Physical assessment of fluid and electrolyte needs - Cardiovascular System:
What does JVD measure?

Answer 14

• CVP (central venous pressure)

- changes in fluid volume status

Question 15

Physical assessment of fluid and electrolyte needs - Cardiovascular System:
What is edema

Answer 15

expansion of interstitial volume

• localized (inflammation) or generalized (related to capillary hemodynamics)
• pressing the bony surfaces of tibia and scrum