Part 1 Flashcards
What advancement were seen in 20th CE regarding aging?
increase in lifespan of humans, average life expectancy at birth and numbers of centenarians started to exist in 20th CE.
Define the lifespan?
a fixed, finite maximum limit of survival for a species ex: 120 years for humans and 20 for dogs.
what is life expectancy?
an average number of years is projected to live at birth or at a specific age (65 years which has increased compared to the 19th CE).
what was the reason of the baby boom generation (1946-65)?
the increased rate of fertility after the WW2.
what is the population of 65 years old Canadians estimated in the years 2021 and 2041?
2021- 7 Million and 2041- 9 Million
when the population aging has started in Canada?
after the end of Baby boom period (1946-65) when a “baby bust” period (1966-80) began.
What is baby bust?
Women have fewer babies and the first pregnancy was delayed until the mid -late thirties.
what was the thoughts of Dychtwald about baby boomers aging?
“When I look into the future, I see a number of train wrecks about to happen—all of which are preventable, but only if we fully understand the relationship between our current decisions and their future outcomes and only if we initiate corrective action now”. His views were based on selected demographic and social “facts” and tended to be exaggerations that instilled fear in society
labelling older people as burden is called?
labelling of older people as a burden to society has been called “apocalyptic,” “catastrophic,” or “voodoo” demography, which results from a process of exaggerating or mis-interpreting population statistics
how Gee describes the apocalyptic demography?
Gee (2000, 5) describes apocalyptic demography as “an ideology. . . a set of beliefs that justifies (or rationalizes) action . . . wherein the beliefs converge on the idea that an aging population has negative implications for societal resources—which get funneled to the sick, the old, and the retired at the expense of the healthy, the young, and the working.” “demography is not destiny.”
what is the Hebert’s argument about the health care cost of aging population?
that it wouldn’t be as bad as projected and house care services will increase which will decrease the expensive hospitalization’s costs. Although, it will increase the demand of investment to improve the healthcare system by government.
define the social structure?
Social structure pertains to those elements of social life and society that constrain,
promote, and shape human behaviour. Whether based on gender, age, class, or ethnicity, social structure creates or limits life-course opportunities and leads to common ways of behaving and acting among segments of the population (Giddens 1984)
what is agency according Bengtson and Settersten ?
agency refers to the human capacity “to act intentionally, plan fully and reflexively, and in a temporal or biographical mode throughout the life course.”
what is Marshalls idea of agency?
Agency has been seen as the production of a life. The agent is the producer; human development (the lived life, the narrative) is produced by agency . . . people not only react but act and, in acting, produce their biographical selves . . . agency refers to a culturally legitimated responsibility to act—on behalf of others, of organizations or ideas, or of one’s own self
what was the believe of Hebert about aging people and health care?
that disproportionate use of health services by older adults in the future will not be a problem.
define the chronological age norms?
how most individuals behave in a given situation or perform a particular task at a specific age
what is a functional age?
diverse process in which individuals at a specific chrono-logical age are either “older” or “younger” than age peers in terms of some relevant skill or ability.
define biological age?
changes in the cellular muscular, skeletal, reproductive, neural, cardiovascular, and sensory system caused by environment of genetic is Biological age.
define psychological aging?
Psychological aging involves the interaction of individual cognitive and behavioral changes with social and environmental factors, such as the loss of a spouse or a change in housing that affects our psychological state. psychological aging is effected by cultural values (elders value in the societies).
what are the strata of social age in modern societies?
infancy, early childhood, preadolescence, adolescence, young adulthood, middle age, early late life, and very late life.
vs in earlier societies it was childhood, adulthood and old age.
what was the leading cause of “grey power” movement in 1970?
the realization that youths are highly valued while elders are marginalized. (generational inequities)
define culture?
the way of life passed from generation to generation, varies within societies and changes across time in societies. it creates norms, values, attitude that shape of way of seeing the world and living.
what is social stratification?
is a process by which social attributes (age, gender, social class, religion, race, and ethnicity) are evaluated and acted upon differentially by a significant proportion of societal members.
what is embodiment theory?
stereotypes are assimilated from a variety of sources in culture and affect younger people’s attitude and behavior toward older people. Livy (2017)
