CHAP 7

Question 1

What is health?

Answer 1

(WHO) broadly defines good health as the absence of symptoms of illness or signs of disease; the presence of well-being and a sense of being healthy (or not ill or sick); and the capacity to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and to function with some degree of independence.

Question 2

health transitions?

Answer 2

captures this dynamic interplay between individual and structural factors that shape our health as we age, sharing many of the same tenets of life-course theory

Question 3

Medical model of health care?

Answer 3

focuses on the incidence, causes, and treatment of disease, and the emphasis is on treating or curing health problems with surgery, medications, bed rest, rehabilitation, or, for elderly patients, moving them to a facility offering 24-hour nursing care. This model perpetuates the idea that health status is caused by physiological and biological systems.

Question 4

Criticism of medical model?

Answer 4

“over-medicalizing”, making people too dependent on formal health care than lifestyle and self-control.

Question 5

medical iatrogenesis?

Answer 5

illness that is induced by the medical system (unnecessary surgery such as a hysterectomy, the negative impact of over-prescribing drugs, blood transfusions that may carry serious infections). perpetuation of negative images of aging

Question 6

social model of health care?

Answer 6

views health as having
a social (one’s socio-economic status or social support network), psychological (stress), physiological, biological, and genetic basis.

Question 7

medical model vs social model of health?

Answer 7

This model stresses the role of agency in health decisions, self-care, and any changes in health behaviors and beliefs, more emphasis on prevention, services in home and less on medications, surgery, and hospital stays

Question 8

criticized of social model?

Answer 8

unnecessary and largely ineffective “add-on” to the medical model

Question 9

health promotion model (HPM)?

Question 10

disability-free life expectancy/ healthy life expectancy?

Answer 10

used to estimate the average number of years of life remaining (at a given age) without disability.

Question 11

Compression of disability?

Answer 11

With increasing life expectancy, there is a tendency for the onset of disability (functional status) to occur closer to the end of life.

Question 12

survivors vs delayers vs escapers?

Answer 12

survivors (those who experience an age-related illness before age 80 but make it to 100+)
delayers (those who do not experience an illness until after age 80 and make it to 100+)
escapers (those who reach 100 without experiencing an age-related disease).

Question 13

blue zones?

Answer 13

pockets of extreme longevity found around the world (communities with large population of centenarians).

Question 14

name interlocking multimorbidity resilience LMMR?

Answer 14

There are three interlocking multimorbidity resilience domains—functional, social, and psychological

Question 15

classic health belief model ?

Answer 15

this model demonstrates that health beliefs are the result of our social experiences over the life course and explains how they affect health and help-seeking behavior.

Question 16

Self-efficacy?

Answer 16

the perceived confidence that one can accomplish a behavioral change or adopt a new behavior—is a necessary precursor to making a shift in behavior.

Question 17

social determinants of health?

Answer 17

These determinants interact with healthy lifestyle behaviors, as well as with genetic and physiological determinants of health, and are cumulative over the life course.

Question 18

social capital according to Lomas?

Answer 18

physical and social structure of a community that facilitates mutual support caring, self-esteem, sense of belonging, and enriched social relationships.