Parker SG (Craninal Cavity) Flashcards
What muscle can be found in the Superficial Cervical Fascia?
Platysma Muscle
What are the 4 specializations of Deep Cervical Fascia?
- Investing Fascia
- Pre-vertebral fascia
- Pre-tracheal fascia
- Carotid Sheath
What is envoloped in the pre-vertebral fascia?
vertebral mm.
What is enveloped int eh pre-tracheal fascia?
Trachea, Esophagus, and Thyroid
What is the posterior part of the pre-tracheal fascia called?
Buccopharyngeal Fascia
Which layer of Deep cervical fascia contains contributions from the other 3 layers?
Carotid Sheath
What two fascial layers surround the retropharyngeal space?
Buccopharyngeal fascia (anterior) Pre-Vertebral Fascia (posterior)
What is is the superior and inferior extent of the retropharyngeal space?
Base of the skull to the posterior mediastinum
Why is the Retroypharyngeal space dangerous?
Its important in the spread of cancer and infections
What happens when you flex your right sternocleidomastoid muscle by itself?
- Neck Flexes to the Right
- Head rotates up and to the Left
What happens when you flex your left sternocleidomastoid muscle by itself?
- Neck Flexes to the Left
- Head rotates up and to the Right
What boundary separates the anterior and posterior ∆’s?
Sternocleidomastoid
What are the 4 divisions of the anterior ∆?
- Submental ∆
- Submandibular ∆
- Muscular ∆
- Carotid ∆
What are the strap muscles and their innervation?
aka Infrahyoid muscles
- Omohyoid (ansa cervicalis C1-C3)
- Sternohyoid (ansa cervicalis C1-C3)
- Sternothyroid (ansa cervicalis C1-C3)
- Thyrohyoid (C1 branch TRAVELING WITH CN XII)
What are the two divisions of the ansa cervicalis?
- What nerve roots contribute to these
Superior Root - contributions from C1
Inferior Root - contributions form C2 and C3
What is the Arterial supply to the thyroid gland?
- Superior Thyroid a. (=> External Carotid)
- Inferior Thyroid a. (=> Thyrocervical trunk of subclavian a.)
What does the venous drainage of the thyroid gland?
- Superior and middle thyroid veins drain to internal Jugular
- Inferior thyroid vein is the ONLY tributary of the brachiocephalic vein
What contributions make up the RETROMANDIBULAR Vein?
Superficial Temporal V. + Maxillary Vein
What contributions make up the EXTERNAL JUGULAR Vein?
Retromandibular v. + Posterior Auricular v.
What vertebral level is the hyoid bone found at?
C3
What vertebral level is the thyroid cartilage located at?
C4/C5
What vertebral level is the cricoid cartilage located at?
C6
What is anterior to the SECOND, THIRD, and FOURTH tracheal rings?
Isthmus of the Thyroid Gland
Where does the common carotid bifurcate?
At the superior border of the thyroid cartilage
What are the layers of the SCALP from superficial to deep?
- Skin
- CT (dense)
- Aponeurosis
- Loose CT
- Periosteum
T or F: Sinuses in the cranial cavity are formed by 2 layers of Dura Mater?
True
Where do all sinuses in the cranium terminate?
Jugular Bulb (the beginning of the internal jugular vein)
What kind of injury usually results in an epidural hemotoma?
- vasculature involved
- Localized Blunt Trauma to the Skull
- Between SKULL and periosteal layer of the dura
- Ruptured Meningeal A.
What kind of injury usually results in a subdural hemotoma?
- Vasculature involved
- Whip Lash, Shaken Baby Syndrome
- Between the meningeal dura and arachnoid
- Ruptured Cerebral V.
Where does blood accumulate in a subarachnoid hemotoma?
- Vasculature involved
- CSF - can do a spinal tap to check since its in the subarachnoid space (between pia and arachnoid)
- Cerebral A.
What sinus do the superior and inferior opthalmic veins drain to?
Cavernous sinus
Possible Spread of Infection
What is the weakest point of the skull?
- bones found here
- Pterion
Bones:
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Squamous Park of Temporal Bone
- Greater Wing of Sphenoid
What artery is likely to rupture if you get hit hard in the Pterion?
- What type of hemotoma would result?
- Middle Meningeal A.
- Epidural Hemotoma
What two sutures make up the bregma?
Coronal and Sagittal
What two sutures make up the lambda?
Sagittal and Lambdoid
What structures are found in the carotid sheath?
- Internal Jugular Vein
- Common Carotid A.
- Internal Carotid A.
- Vagus N.
T or F: the External Carotid A. is inside the carotid sheath.
FALSE
What are the branches of the external Carotid a.?
- Superior Thyroid a.
- Ascending Pharyngeal a.
- Lingual a.
- Facial a.
- Occipital a.
- Posterior auricular a.
- Maxillary a.
- Superficial Temporal a.
What two terminal branches are direct branches off of the external carotid?
- Maxillary a.
- Superficial temporal a.
What Sensory information is obtained from the carotid sinus?
- Nerves
- Baroceptor: senses changes in blood preSSure
- Glossopharyngeal N. (IX)
What sensory information is obtained from the carotid body?
- Chemoreceptor: senses change in OXYGEN contend
- Vagus n. (X) AND Glossopharyngeal N (IX)
T or F: if blood is flowing from the cavernous sinus to the internal jugular, it will first have to pass through the sigmoid sinus.
False
How will an epidural hematoma present on a non-contrast CT?
- Convex and Lens Shaped
How will a subdural hematoma present on a non-contrast CT?
- Thin and cresent shaped
How will a subarachnoid hemorrhage present on CT?
- Blood Filling the Sulci
- Blood Filliing Cistern (star shape at base of skull)
What type of hematoma often presents with an excruciating headache?
Subarachnoid Hematoma
What type of hematoma often presents with unconciousness –> Lucid phase —> Rapid deterioration?
Epidural Hematoma
What type of hematoma may take days or weeks to become symptomatic?
Subdural Hematoma
What are the contents of the cavernous sinus?
CNs (III, IV, VI, V1, V2)
Internal Carotid
What are the contents of the carotid ∆?
- Carotid Sheath with Carotid a.
- Internal Jugular v.
- Vagus n.
- Ansa Cervicalis
What are the contents of the Submandibular ∆?
- Submanidibular Gland
- Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
- Nerve to Mylohyoid
- Fascial a. and v.
What are the contents of the muscular ∆?
- Thyroid and parathyroid
- infrahyoid mm.
- Ansa Cervicalis Terminations
- Superior thyroid a.
- Sup. Layngeal a.
- Int. and ext. Laryngeal nn.
- Recurrent laryngeal n.
KNOW THE BOUNDARIES OF THE ∆’s
KNOW THE BOUNDARIES OF THE ∆’s
KNOW THE DRAINAGE OF THE SINUSES
KNOW THE DRAINAGE OF THE SINUSES
What is the only upaired traingle of the anterior ∆s?
Submental ∆
