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Anatomy Week 13 BT > Cranial Nerves (Lecture) > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves (Lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: cranial nerves and their ganglia are part of the peripheral nervous system

A

True

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2
Q

Which cranial n. does not originate from the cranial cavity?

A

XI

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3
Q

Where do cranial nerves travel before exiting the named foramina and fissures?

A

On the Cranial Floor

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4
Q

What gives rise to the origin or a spinal nerve?

A

Fusion of dorsal (sensory) and Ventral (motor) rootlets

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5
Q

T or F: like spinal nerves cranial nerves also participate in forming similar nerve plexuses

A

False

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6
Q

T or F: crainial motor and sensory fibers of the cranial nerves are combined and attached at approximately the same point on the brain

A

True

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7
Q

What cranial nerves direct their fibers into sensory ganglia?

A

Most of the CNs that contain a sensory component:
- V, VII, VIII, IX, and X

e.g. Trigeminal Ganglion

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8
Q

T or F: the sensory ganglia of cranial nn. are often further removed from the origin of the nerve in the CNS than the sensory ganglia of spinal cords

A

True

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9
Q

What two cranial nerves are sensory yet do not associate with an organized sensory ganglia?

A

I and II

*Note: these nerves are purely sensory

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10
Q

What do GSA cranial nerves do?

A

Sensation from:

  • Somatic Structures (skin, msucle, fascia, joints, tendons, peristeom etc.)

Sensation of Mucosal Lining:

  • Oral Cavity
  • Nasal Cavity
  • Nasal Sinuses
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Middle Ear
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11
Q

What does the GVA component of cranial nerves do?

A
  • Sensation from visceral structures of the head (carotid body and carotid sinus)
  • Thoracic and Abdominal Viscera (Foregut and Midgut)
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12
Q

What does the SA component that’s unique to cranial nerves do?

A
  • Sensation from specialized receptors in the head which are related to (Vision, Hearing, Equilibrium, Taste and Smell)
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13
Q

What cranial nerves contain a special sensory component?

A
  • I, II, VII, VIII, IX, X
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14
Q

What does the GSE component of Cranial Nerves do?

A
  • Motor innervation to skeletal muscle in the head derived from SOMITE MESODERM
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15
Q

What does the GVE component of Cranial nerves do?

- CNs involved

A
  • Parasympathetic Motor Innervation to smooth muscle and glands of the head
  • Only in CNs III, VII, IX, X
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16
Q

What does the BE (Branchiomeric Motor, SVE) component of Cranial Nerves do?

A
  • Motor to Skeletal Muscle in head derived from branchial (pharygeal arch) mesoderm
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17
Q

Which skeletal muscles of the head:

  • Paraxial vs. Pharyngeal Arch mesoderm
  • Location
  • Innervation
A

Paraxial Mesoder:

  • More Posterior
  • Orbit and Tongue (and a couple other structures)
  • Traditional GSE innervation

Pharyngeal Arch Mesoderm:

  • More Anterior
  • Everything else
  • Branchiomeric Motor Innervation (BE)
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18
Q

What arises from the 5th pharyngeal arch?

A

Nothing, it rudimentary

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19
Q

What is the innervation of each of the Pharyngeal Arches?

A

Arch 1 (mandibular arch): V3 Mandibular of Trigeminal (V)

Arch 2 (Hyoid arch): VII Facial

Arch 3: IX Gloassopharyngeal

Arch 4-6: X Vagus

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20
Q

Which Muscles innervated by cranial nerves develop from Somite mesoderm?

A
  1. All muscle of the tongue (CN XII), EXCEPT palatoglossus
  2. Skeletal muscles of Orbit (III, IV and VI)
  3. Sternocleidomastoid (XI)
  4. Trapezius (XI)

**THESE ARE NOT branchiomeric muscles

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21
Q

What muscles are derived from the first pharyngeal arch?

- Innervation

A

MAST-MATT

Muscles of MASTication:

  • Medial pterygoid
  • Lateral Pterygoid
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter

Mylohyoid muscle
Anterior belly of digastric muscle
Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle
Tensor Tympani Muscle

**Innervation = CN V3 mandibular

22
Q

What muscles are derived from the second pharyngeal arch?

- Innervation

A

Muscles of Fascial Expression
Posterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
Stylohyoid muscle
Stapedius Muscle

**Innervation = CN VII facial

23
Q

What muscle are derived from the third pharyngeal arch?

- Innervation

A

Stylopharyngeus Muscle

**CN IX; glossopharyngeal

24
Q

What muscles are derived from the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?
- Innervation

A
  • All Muscles of larynx
  • All muscles of palate, EXCEPT tensor veli palatini (V3)
  • All muscles of pharynx, EXCEPT stylopharyngeus (IX)
25
Q

What is the cell type of GSE fibers in the spinal cord?

- Cell body location

A
  • Multipolar

- Spinal Cord Gray Matter (Ventral horn)

26
Q

What is the cell type of GSA fibers in the spinal cord?

- Cell body location

A
  • Pseudounipoalr

- Dorsal Root Ganglia

27
Q

Where are GSA cell bodies located for cranial nerves.

- Cell type

A
  • Peripheral Ganglia

- GSA sensory neurons

28
Q

What cranial nerves have sensory function?

- associated ganglia

A

CN
I - NONE
II - NONE
V - Trigeminal Ganglion
VII - Geniculate Ganglion
VIII - Spiral Ganglion, Vestibular Ganglion
IX - Superior Ganglion, Inferior Ganglion
X - Superior Gnanglion, Inferior Ganglion

29
Q

Why don’t cranial nerves I or II associate with a sensory ganglion?

A

CN I - Diffusely Dispersed in Olfactory Epithelium

CN II - Diffusely Dispersed in Retina

30
Q

GSE/BE Motor neurons

  • Cell type
  • ganglia
A
  • Multipolar

- brain Motor Nuclei

31
Q

GVE sympathetic - Spinal Nerves

  • vertebral level
  • pre and post ganglionic
A
  • T1-L2

Preganglionic bodies - Lateral Horn
Postganglionic bodies - Chain or Collateral Motor ganglia

32
Q

GVE parasypathetic - Spinal Nerves

  • vertebral Level
  • pre and post ganglionic
A
  • S2-S4

Preganglionic bodies- spinal cord gray matter of those segments
Postganglionic bodies- terminal motor ganglia near targe (hindgut and pelvis only)

33
Q

Sympathetic Fibers for the Brain

  • Where do the arise?
  • Synapse?
  • Path?
A

T1 and T2 lateral horn (T1 = more important contribution)

  1. Ascend Sympathetic Truck to Superior Cervical Chain Ganglia
  2. Synapse with post ganglionic
  3. Post ganglionics exit the chain to form Carotid Peri-arterial Plexus
  4. Travel on vessles to target
34
Q

What are the sympathetic Targets in the Heat and neck?

A
  • Sweat Glands
  • Dilator Pupillae Muscle
  • Vascular Smooth muscle
  • Superior tarsal Muscle
35
Q

Parasympathetic Distribution in the Head

  • Cranial nn.?
  • Pre-ganglionic Bodies
  • Post-ganglionic bodies
A
  • Cranial Nerves III, VII, IX, and X
  • Pre-ganglionic bodies- brainstem motor nuclei o=
  • Post-ganglionic bodies - terminal motor ganglia of the head
36
Q

What terminal Motor ganglia are associated with CN III, VII, IX, X?

A

CN III - Ciliary Ganglion

CN VII - Submandibular Ganglion, Pterygopalatine ganglion

CN IX - Otic Ganglion

CN X - Intrinsic Ganglia of the Viscera of the Thorax, Foregut, and Midgut

37
Q

How do Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach their distination in the head?

A

Hitchhike on named branches of the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

38
Q

Where does cranial n. X exit the cranial cavity and what branches does it give off?
- Fiber type

A
  • Exits via the jugular Foramen as GSA, GVA, SA, BE, and GVE.
  1. Auricular N. - GSA
  2. Menigeal N. - GSA
  3. Sinus Nerve - GVA
  4. Pharyngeal Branch - BE
  5. Internal Branch of Superior Laryngeal nerve - GSA
  6. External Branch of Superior Laryngeal nerve - BE
  7. Recurrent (inferior) laryngeal n - BE
  8. Cardiac Branches - GVE

***NOTE: NO GSA

39
Q

What is supplied by the Auricular N.

A

GSA to External Ear

40
Q

What is supplied by the Meningeal N.

A

GSA to the Dura in the Posterior Cranial Fossa

41
Q

What is supplied by the Sinus N.

A

GVA to Carotid Body

42
Q

What is supplied by the Pharyngeal branch

A

BE to:

  1. palatoglassus
  2. All muscle of Pharynx (except stylopharyngeus)
  3. All muscles of soft palate (except Veli Palatini)
43
Q

What is supplied by the Internal Branch of Superior Laryngeal N.

A

GSA:

  • mucosal lining of laryngopharynx down to vocal folds
  • root of the tongue and epiglottis

GVE (parasympathetic):
- Glands of the pharynx

SA:
- Taste at root of tongue and epiglottis

44
Q

What is supplied by the External Branch of Superior Laryngeal N.

A

BE:

- Cricothyroid Muscle

45
Q

What is supplied by the Recurrent (inferior) Laryngeal N.

A

BE:
- all other muscles of vocal folds (except cricothyroid

GSA:
- to mucosal lining of the larynx below vocal folds

46
Q

What is supplied by the Cardiac Braches

A

GVE (parasympathetic)

- to heart

47
Q

Are sensory and motor components of cranial nerves all mixed like they are for the spinal nerves?

A

NO

48
Q

Where do Cranial Nerves originate?

A

Brain and Brainstem

49
Q

Which cranial nerves have mixed function?

A

V, VII, IX, X

50
Q

What cranial nerve structure is equivalent to the DRG in spinal nerves?

A

Sensory Ganglia

Anatomy Week 13 BT (15 decks)

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