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Anatomy Week 13 BT > Anterior Triangle (Pre-Study) > Flashcards

Anterior Triangle (Pre-Study) Flashcards

1
Q

What muscle is contained in the superficial cervical fascia?

A

Platysma

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2
Q

What does the Platysma do?

A

Supports the tone of the neck and pulls the corners of the mouth down.

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3
Q

What innervates the platysma?

A

Facial N. (VII)

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4
Q

What layers is the deep fascia divided into?

A
  1. Investing layer
  2. Pervertebral Layer
  3. Pretracheal layer
  4. Carotid Sheaths
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5
Q

What does the investing layer of deep neck fascia surround?

A

all structures of the neck

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6
Q

What does the prevertebral layer of deep neck fascia surround?

A

vertebral column and deep muscles associated with the back

Muscles:
- Anterior, Middle, Posterior Scalene muscles

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7
Q

What does the pretracheal layer of deep neck fascia surround?

A

encloses viscera of the neck

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8
Q

What do the carotid sheaths of deep neck fascia surround?

A

surround:

  • Common carotid
  • internal cartotid
  • internal jugular
  • vagus nerve
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9
Q

Which layer of deep neck fascia recieves a contribution from the 3 other layers?

A

the carotid sheaths

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10
Q

What are the attachments of the investing fascia?

  • Superior
  • Laterally
  • Inferiorly
A

Superior:

  • External Occipital Protuberence
  • Superior nuchal line

Laterally:
- mastoid process and zymgomatic arch

Inferiorly:

  • Spine of the scapula
  • acromion
  • clavicle
  • manubrium
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11
Q

What is the posterior, superior, and anterior attachment of the prevertebral layer?

A

Posterior:
Ligamentum Nuchae

Superior:
- Circular line at the base of the skull

Anterior:
- transverse processes CI to CVII

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12
Q

What does the pretracheal fasciae surround?

A
  • Trachea
  • Esophagus
  • thyroid gland
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13
Q

What are the attachments of the pretracheal fascia?

  • Superior
  • Inferior
  • Laterally
  • Posteriorly
A

Superior:
Hyoid Bone

Inferior:
Upper thoracic cavity

Laterally:
Encloses the thyroid gland

Posteriorly:
Continous with fascia that surrounds the esophagus

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14
Q

What does the pretracheal fascia continue as posteriorly and what is the extent of this structure?

A
  • Buccopharyngeal
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15
Q

What is contained in the third (visceral) compartment that is surrounded by the pretracheal layer?

A
  • Pharynx
  • Trachea
  • Esophagus
  • Thyroid Gland
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16
Q

What are the boundaries of the pretracheal space?

  • anterior
  • posterior
  • between what two spaces
A

Anterior:
Back of the Infrahyoid muscles covered in the investing layer of cervical fascia

Posterior:
Front of the trachea covered with pretracheal fascia

*Between neck and anterior part of mediastinum

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17
Q

What are the boundaries of the retropharyngeal space?

A

Anterior:
Posterior surface of pharynx and esophagus covered in buccopharyngeal fascia

Posterior:
Cervical vertebrae covered in prevertebral fascia

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18
Q

What two veins unite to make the external jugular vein?

A
  • posterior auricular

- Retromandibular

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19
Q

What muscle is the external jugular superficial to throughout its course?

A

sternocleidomastoid

20
Q

Describe how the external jugular enters the subclavian vein at the lower part of the neck just superior to the clavicle.

A
  • Immediately posterior to sternocleidomastoid the external jugular pierces the investing layer of cervical fascia
  • It then passes deep to the clavicle to enter subclavian
21
Q

Where do the anterior jugular veins come together?

A

Just superior to the hyoid bone

22
Q

What is the cutaneous innervation to the posterior aspect of the neck?

A
  • Dorsal Rami of Upper Cervical nn.
23
Q

What supplies cutaneous innervation to the anteriolateral aspect of the neck (4 nerves)?

A
  • Great Auricular
  • Transverse Cervical
  • Supraclavicular
  • Lesser occipital
24
Q

What makes up the borders of the anterior triangle?

  • Laterally
  • Superior
  • inferior
A

Laterally:
- Anterior border of the Sternocleidomastoid

Superior:
- Inferior border of the Mandible

Inferior:
- apex that comes together at the midline of the neck

25
Q

What makes up the borders of the posterior ∆?

  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Inferior
A

Anterior:
- Posterior border of the Sternocleidomastoid

Posterior:
- Anterior border of trapezius

Inferior:
- Middle 1/3 of the clavicle

26
Q

What 4 ∆s make up the anterior ∆?

A
  1. Submandibular ∆
  2. Submental ∆
  3. Muscular ∆
  4. Carotid ∆
27
Q

What are the boundaries of the submandibular ∆?

A

Superior = Base:
- Inferior border of the mandible

Anterior Side:
- Anterior Belly of the Digastric

Posterior side:
- Posterior Belly of the Digastric

28
Q

What are the boundaries of the Submental ∆?

A

Inferior = Base:
- Hyoid Bone

Anterior:
- Skin (maybe platysma?)

Posterior:
- Anterior Belly of the Digastric

29
Q

What are the boundaries of the Muscular ∆?

A

Inferior Base:
- Sternocleidomastoid

Superior Apex:
- Hyoid Bone

Posterior side:
- Omohyoid

30
Q

What are the boundaries of the Carotid ∆?

A

Base:
- Omohyoid Muscle

Superior Side:
- Posterior Belly of Digastric

Posterior:
- Sternocleidomastoid

31
Q

What are the major contents of the Muscular ∆?

A
  • Infrahyoid Muscles

- Thyroid Gland

32
Q

What are the four infrahyoid muscles?

A
  1. Sternohyoid
  2. Omohyoid
  3. Sternothyroid
  4. thyrohyoid
33
Q

What is the function of the infrahyoid muscles?

A
  • To stabilize or depress the hyoid bone
34
Q

T or F: the four infrahyoid muscles are in the posterior ∆

A

FALSE, they are in the anterior ∆

35
Q

What muscles form the superficial layer of the infrahyoid muscles?

A
  • SternoHYOID (medially)

- OmoHYOID (laterally)

36
Q

What muscles form the deeper layer of infrahyoid muscles?

A
  • SternoTHYROID (inferior to hyoid bone)

- THYROhyoid (superior to hyoid bone)

37
Q

What 3 parts make up the thyroid gland?

A

L and R lobes

Isthmus

38
Q

What are the major contents of the Carotid Triangle?

A
  1. Carotid Sheath
  2. Bifucation of Common Carotid a.
  3. Inital Distributions of the External Carotid a.
  4. Vagus nerve (CN X)
  5. Part of larynx
  6. Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
39
Q

Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate into its internal and external branches?

A
  • Superior border of thyroid Cartilage

**Bifurcation happens inside the sheath

40
Q

Which of the two carotid branches remains in the carotid sheath?

A

Internal Carotid

41
Q

What is the first branch off of the external carotid?

- what is its path?

A

Superior Thyroid Artery

  • Passes down and forward to reach the superior surface of the thyroid gland
42
Q

What is the next artery up to arise from the anterior surface of the external carotid after the Superior Thyroid Artery?
*This is at the level of the Hyoid Bone

A

Lingual Artery

43
Q

What nerve does the lingual artery pases deep to?

A

Hypoglossal n. (XII)

44
Q

What artery arises just above the Lingual artery off of the external carotid a.?

A

Facial Artery

45
Q

What artery arise posterior to the facial artery at the same level on the external carotid?

A

Occipital artery

46
Q

What is the first branch off of the posterior aspect of the external carotid a.?

A

ascending pharyngeal a.

Anatomy Week 13 BT (15 decks)

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