Parenting

Question 1

What approach did Baumrind take and what are the 3 parenting styles?

Answer 1

a categorical approach
authoritarian
authoritative
permissive

Question 2

What is authoritarian parenting?

Answer 2

parents who have strict ideas about discipline
not open to discussion

Question 3

What is authoritative parenting?

Answer 3

parents who have ideas about behaviours that they are willing to discuss with children and adapt

Question 4

What is permissive parenting?

Answer 4

parents who have relaxed ideas about behaviour

Question 5

What approach did Maccoby and Martin take in their revised version?

Answer 5

a dimensional approach

Question 6

What are Maccoby and Martins 4 parenting styles and what did they aim to show?

Answer 6

aim to show variability in parenting
authoritarian - demanding, unresponsive
authoritative - demanding, responsive
permissive - undemanding, responsive
uninvolved - undemanding, unresponsive

Question 7

What does authoritative parenting and high parental involvement lead to?

Answer 7

high academic achievement

Question 8

What parenting style is most common in western countries?

Answer 8

Authoritative

Question 9

What parenting style is most common in non-western countries?

Answer 9

authoritarian

Question 10

Rudy and Grusec

Answer 10

In individualistic cultures, authoritarianism was associated with mothers negative feelings about child
did not find the same in non-western

Question 11

How does parenting impact on child?

Answer 11

parenting as socialisation where children learn societal norms
hostile parenting undermines emotion regulation development

Question 12

Belsky’s process model of influences on parental functioning (1984)

Answer 12

personal psychological resources of parent (their mental health)
contextual sources of support (social network)
characteristics of children (easy or difficult temperament)

Question 13

Belksy’s differential susceptibility theory (1997)

Answer 13

some individuals are more affected by their environmental exposures and developmental experiences

Question 14

WHO (world health organisation) 4 types of abuse?

Answer 14

neglect
physical
emotional
sexual

Question 15

What are the adverse effects of divorce?

Answer 15

conflict between spouses
secure base of family broken
uncertainty of future
effects on income
relocation
loss of contact

Question 16

Flouri: what did father involvement have a positive effect on?

Answer 16

child’s academic development

Question 17

What are 3 parenting interventions?

Answer 17

sensitive (slowing pace when child appears over stimulated)
intrusiveness (physically impairing child’s movement)
detachment (child faces away from parent, ignore child’s interest)

Question 18

What are ultra processed foods? (UPF)

Answer 18

processed culinary ingredients mixed with processed foods

Question 19

How do UPF’s affect our eating behaviours?

Answer 19

energy dense so receive less nutrients and protein
later gut microbiome

Question 20

findings on child emotional overeating

Answer 20

parents who gave solid foods at an older age had children who were more likely to overeat

Question 21

What parenting style is most beneficial for food responsiveness?

Answer 21

permissive (also referred to as indulgent)

Question 22

What does food related emotional expectancies mean?

Answer 22

the emotions we expect to feel whilst eating different foods

Question 23

How do you measure food-related emotional expectancies?

Answer 23

questionnaires
free word association
for children, ask them first word that comes to mind or ask them to point to a face that reflects how they feel when see image of food