Deductive and Inductive inference

Question 1

What does deductive inference mean?

Answer 1

when the inference follows directly from the data
if the premise is true then inference is true

Question 2

What does inductive inference mean?

Answer 2

when the inference extends beyond data using limited observations
the conclusions have some degree of support by data

Question 3

What is an example of when children may make inductive inferences?

Answer 3

when learning new words

Question 4

How do children make these inferences?

Answer 4

3 theories:
nativism
connectionism
hierarchical bayesian accounts

Question 5

What is nativism?

Answer 5

when they believe all concepts are innate
abstract knowledge is not learned

Question 6

What is a weakness of Nativism?

Answer 6

it’s difficult to explain the high flexibility in learning

Question 7

What is connectionism?

Answer 7

believes that human knowledge is not as abstract as it seems

Question 8

What is a weakness of connectionism?

Answer 8

difficult to explain learning from little data available

Question 9

What is the hierarchical bayesian account of cognitive development?

Answer 9

believes learners can draw accurate inferences from just a few data points if their inferences are made by abstract theories

Question 10

What does the hierarchical bayesian account believe about theories?

Answer 10

Believes theories are not innate
they provide strong assumptions that help interpret the world
they exist at different levels of abstraction
learners can change theories with sufficient evidence

Question 11

What is a strength of the hierarchical bayesian account?

Answer 11

more flexible than nativist approaches