Parenteral products II Flashcards
materials used for parenteral products
-containers
-syringes
-needles
Containers
-direct contact w product
-considered “ingredients”
-glass most commonly used
-type I, II, III glass
-use type I
Vials
-glass or plastic
-flip off cap protects the rubber stopper
-wipe to make sure it is sterile when first exposed
Ampuls
-glass
-single use
-hermetic, uniform containment
-head,neck,shoulder,body
IV bags
-large volume container
-gravity set
-piggyback container
Drop conversion factor
Drop Number
Syringes
-leur tip
-Luer Lok for hazardous drugs
Syringe measuring
-use final edge of plunger to read volume
-accuracy 1/2 of smallest division
Needles
-sterile over-wrap packaging
-sized by gauge and length
-filter needs must be used with ampuls
Gauge
-diameter of bore
filter needles
must be used when using ampules
Why is IV least forgiving?
-immediate distribution
-skip line of defense
Methods of IV admin
-bolus (push)
-infusion
Site of IV admin
-peripheral vein
-central vein
infusion mode of IV admin
-continuous admin
-intermittent admin
IV route is characterized by
rapid onset of action bc no absorption step
Bolus dose graph
-decline
infusion graph
-plataeu then decline
common venous complications
-phlebitis
-thrombosis
-thrombophlebitis
Phlebitis
-inflammation from irritation of the tunica intima of the vein
-mod to severe discomfort
-days to months to subside
-limits veins available for future therapy
Thrombosis
-blood clot in vein
-pain
-swelling
-pulmonary embolism
Set up for continuous IV infusion
-solution container
-spike
-drip chamber
-roll clamp
-tubing
-needle adapter
Set up for intermittent IV infusion
-piggyback container
-Y injection site
-large volume container
-roll clamp
-one-way check valve
-needle adapter
Central Vein IV infusion
-subclavian vein to superior vena cava
Sites of IM admin
-deltoid (2mL)
-thigh (5mL)
-gluteal (5mL)
IM mode of action
-has an absorption step
-not always faster than oral route
SC sadmin
-similar to IM
-slower absorption due to lower vascularization
-volume < 1.5 mL
Hypodermoclysis
-infusion by SC route
Routes of admin graph
slide 26
Intra-spinal admin
-intrathecal
-epidural
Intrathecal
-into subarachnoid space and CSF
epidural
-into space at thoracic or lumbar level between dura mater and vetebral canal (epidural space)
Intrathecal admin
-bolus
-directly into CSF (no membrane to cross)
-continuous admin not recommended
-higher potency than epidural
What is First Air
USP 797 google it
Epidural admin
-bolus or continuous
-in neonates at caudal level
-near tip of tailbone into small opening
take special care with intra spinal!!
-must be isotonic
-physiological pH
-NO preservatives
-even gauge can matter
In general, if an injectible excipient is tolerated by IV route it will be tolerated by
-IM and SC routes
-not always tho (citrates!)
Parenterals
-IV
-IM
-SC
-Intra-spinal
Absorption of parenterals
-IV: none
-IM and SC: yes
-bypass first-pass metabolism
