Parenteral products II

Question 1

materials used for parenteral products

Answer 1

-containers
-syringes
-needles

Question 2

Containers

Answer 2

-direct contact w product
-considered “ingredients”
-glass most commonly used
-type I, II, III glass
-use type I

Question 3

Vials

Answer 3

-glass or plastic
-flip off cap protects the rubber stopper
-wipe to make sure it is sterile when first exposed

Question 4

Ampuls

Answer 4

-glass
-single use
-hermetic, uniform containment
-head,neck,shoulder,body

Question 5

IV bags

Answer 5

-large volume container
-gravity set
-piggyback container

Question 6

Drop conversion factor

Answer 6

Drop Number

Question 7

Syringes

Answer 7

-leur tip
-Luer Lok for hazardous drugs

Question 8

Syringe measuring

Answer 8

-use final edge of plunger to read volume
-accuracy 1/2 of smallest division

Question 9

Needles

Answer 9

-sterile over-wrap packaging
-sized by gauge and length
-filter needs must be used with ampuls

Question 10

Gauge

Answer 10

-diameter of bore

Question 11

filter needles

Answer 11

must be used when using ampules

Question 12

Why is IV least forgiving?

Answer 12

-immediate distribution
-skip line of defense

Question 13

Methods of IV admin

Answer 13

-bolus (push)
-infusion

Question 14

Site of IV admin

Answer 14

-peripheral vein
-central vein

Question 15

infusion mode of IV admin

Answer 15

-continuous admin
-intermittent admin

Question 16

IV route is characterized by

Answer 16

rapid onset of action bc no absorption step

Question 17

Bolus dose graph

Answer 17

-decline

Question 18

infusion graph

Answer 18

-plataeu then decline

Question 19

common venous complications

Answer 19

-phlebitis
-thrombosis
-thrombophlebitis

Question 20

Phlebitis

Answer 20

-inflammation from irritation of the tunica intima of the vein
-mod to severe discomfort
-days to months to subside
-limits veins available for future therapy

Question 21

Thrombosis

Answer 21

-blood clot in vein
-pain
-swelling
-pulmonary embolism

Question 22

Set up for continuous IV infusion

Answer 22

-solution container
-spike
-drip chamber
-roll clamp
-tubing
-needle adapter

Question 23

Set up for intermittent IV infusion

Answer 23

-piggyback container
-Y injection site
-large volume container
-roll clamp
-one-way check valve
-needle adapter

Question 24

Central Vein IV infusion

Answer 24

-subclavian vein to superior vena cava

Question 25

Sites of IM admin

Answer 25

-deltoid (2mL)
-thigh (5mL)
-gluteal (5mL)

Question 26

IM mode of action

Answer 26

-has an absorption step
-not always faster than oral route

Question 27

SC sadmin

Answer 27

-similar to IM
-slower absorption due to lower vascularization
-volume < 1.5 mL

Question 28

Hypodermoclysis

Answer 28

-infusion by SC route

Question 29

Routes of admin graph

Answer 29

slide 26

Question 30

Intra-spinal admin

Answer 30

-intrathecal
-epidural

Question 31

Intrathecal

Answer 31

-into subarachnoid space and CSF

Question 32

epidural

Answer 32

-into space at thoracic or lumbar level between dura mater and vetebral canal (epidural space)

Question 33

Intrathecal admin

Answer 33

-bolus
-directly into CSF (no membrane to cross)
-continuous admin not recommended
-higher potency than epidural

Question 34

What is First Air

Answer 34

USP 797 google it

Question 35

Epidural admin

Answer 35

-bolus or continuous
-in neonates at caudal level
-near tip of tailbone into small opening

Question 36

take special care with intra spinal!!

Answer 36

-must be isotonic
-physiological pH
-NO preservatives
-even gauge can matter

Question 37

In general, if an injectible excipient is tolerated by IV route it will be tolerated by

Answer 37

-IM and SC routes
-not always tho (citrates!)

Question 38

Parenterals

Answer 38

-IV
-IM
-SC
-Intra-spinal

Question 39

Absorption of parenterals

Answer 39

-IV: none
-IM and SC: yes
-bypass first-pass metabolism