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Dosage II > Lecture 17: Polymers > Flashcards

Lecture 17: Polymers Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of polymers in pharma products

A

-controlled delivery
-scaffolds for tissue engineering
-transdermal patches

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2
Q

polymer function in oral drug delivery

A

-coating
-binders
-taste maskers
-protective agents

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3
Q

Polymer

A

-large molecule made of many small repeating units
-macromolecules and plastics

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4
Q

macromolecules

A

-any large molecules
-polymers are a subset (repeating units)

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5
Q

Plastics

A

-can be molded, cast, extruded, draen, thermoform, laminated into product

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6
Q

Polymer basics

A

-natural vs synthetics
-name
-structure
-synthesis
-molecular weight
-crystalline vs amorphous
-glass transition temp
-mech properites
-applications

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7
Q

Nitrocellulose (1845)

A

-guncotton
-first semi sythentic polymer
-accidentally made in a kitchen

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8
Q

Bakelite

A

-first synthetic polymer based on phenol and formaldehyde
-strong and durable
-sub for auto/electric parts

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9
Q

Natural polymers

A

-nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)
-proteins
-polysaccharides

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10
Q

Synthetic polymers

A

-polyethylene, poly-n
-nylon, silicon rubber, rayon, teflon, kevlar

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11
Q

Polymer name

A

-poly + (repeating unit)

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12
Q

Polymer structure

A

-homo
-random co
-alternate co
-block co
-graft co (extends as branch off other polymer)

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13
Q

Linear polymers

A
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14
Q

Cross-linked polymers

A
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15
Q

Polymer unit expression

A

-building block is 2 Carbons not one

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16
Q

Polyacrylamide

A

-run large polymer across network
-surfactant
-run SCC
-electrophoresis? idk
-polymers movement on gel based on density

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17
Q

Polymer synthesis methods

A

-condensation polymerization
-addition polymerization

18
Q

Condensation polymerization

A

-step polymerization
-2 or mote bifunctional monomers w dif functional groups react

19
Q

Addition polymerization

A

-free-rad polymerization
-chain polymerization
-initiation by adical
-propogation
-termination by inert molecule
-keep recruiting monomers

-polyacrylate and polysyrene

20
Q

Molecular weight of polymers

A

-Mn (number average)
-Mw (weight average
-monodispersed or polydispersed

21
Q

monodispersed

A

-Mn=Mw
-Mw/Mn =1 polydispersity

22
Q

polydispersed

A

-Mw&raquo_space; Mn
-Mw/Mn&raquo_space;1 polydispersity
-broad distribution in weight

23
Q

Crystalline

A

-linear
-can pack tightly
-T<Tm
-sharp Tm
-food barrier to diffusion
-durable

24
Q

Amorphous

A

-more common
-irreg structure
-forms glas at T<Tg
-softens over wide temp range

25
Q

Glass transition temperature (Tg)

A

-temp range where a polymer changes from a hard/rigid/glassy state to more compliant/rubbery state

26
Q

Polymers at T «Tg

A

-hard, stiff, glassy

27
Q

polymers at T&raquo_space; Tg

A

-rubbery and may flow

28
Q

Chewable dosage forms

A

-polymer with Tg close to 37
-gum is softened at mouth temp
-chewing release nicotine release
-parking slows release

29
Q

Factors inc Tg

A

-polymer long length
-bulky side chains
-crosslinking
-plasticizers

30
Q

Plasticizers

A

-molecules that inc entropy and mobility of polymer chains
-lower Tg when in polymer products
-water example

31
Q

Mechanical properties of polymers

A

-stress vs strain (slope) (stiffness)
-AUC = touughness

32
Q

elastic polymers

A

-linear stress vs stain curve up to a breaking point

33
Q

Rubbers or elastomers

A

-may deform 10-15 times original lengths

34
Q

Hydrogels

A

-crosslinked network of hydrophillic polymers
-swell rapidly in water
-retain large volume of water in structure

35
Q

Hydrogel types

A

-chemical gels (covalent)
-physical gels (H bonds, interactions)

36
Q

Hydrogel swelling

A

-chain-water interaction
-electostatic repulsion
-osmotic forces

37
Q

Polymers in dosage forms

A

-cellulose-based
-hydrocolloids
-water-soluble
-water-insolube

38
Q

Cellulose based polymers

A

-ethylcellulose
-carboxymthyl cellulose
-hydroxypropyl methy cellulose

39
Q

Hydrocolloids

A

-alginic acid (thickening agent)
-chitosan (mucoadhesive)

40
Q

water-soluble polymers

A

-poly(ethylene glycol)
-poly(vinyl alcohol)

41
Q

water-insoluble polymers

A

-poly(lactic-co-gycolic acid)
-polylactic acid

-controlled drug release

Dosage II (20 decks)

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