Parathyroid Conditions, Signs, Causes Amd Differentials Flashcards

1
Q

What is primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

(Not the first step from primary to tertiary)
Increase in PTH and calcium and decrease in phosphate due to overactivity of parathyroid glands.

Most often due to: adenoma

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Hypercalcemia: stones, bones, psychic moans, GI groans, dehydrated and Polyuric

Bone resorption: bone pain, fractures

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3
Q

How is primary hyperparathyroidism different to secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Secondary hyperparathyroidism causes low calcium and primary causes high calcium

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4
Q

What are the causes of secondary hyperparathyrodism?

A

Both relate to vitamin D:

  1. Chronic kidney disease
  2. Reduced vitamin D intake

Effect: Reduced vitamin D action means reduced calcium GI uptake and reduced calcium release from bone - resulting in hypocalcaemia, and the parathyroid gland produces more PTH in reaction to this.

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5
Q

What is tertiary hyperparathyroidism?

A

A progression from secondary hyperparathyroidism - after a prolonged state of low calcium in secondary hyperparathyroidism, the parathyroid gland becomes autonomous and starts producing massive amounts of PTH.

This causes: very high calcium levels

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