Parathyroid Conditions, Signs, Causes Amd Differentials Flashcards
What is primary hyperparathyroidism?
(Not the first step from primary to tertiary)
Increase in PTH and calcium and decrease in phosphate due to overactivity of parathyroid glands.
Most often due to: adenoma
What are the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?
Hypercalcemia: stones, bones, psychic moans, GI groans, dehydrated and Polyuric
Bone resorption: bone pain, fractures
How is primary hyperparathyroidism different to secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Secondary hyperparathyroidism causes low calcium and primary causes high calcium
What are the causes of secondary hyperparathyrodism?
Both relate to vitamin D:
- Chronic kidney disease
- Reduced vitamin D intake
Effect: Reduced vitamin D action means reduced calcium GI uptake and reduced calcium release from bone - resulting in hypocalcaemia, and the parathyroid gland produces more PTH in reaction to this.
What is tertiary hyperparathyroidism?
A progression from secondary hyperparathyroidism - after a prolonged state of low calcium in secondary hyperparathyroidism, the parathyroid gland becomes autonomous and starts producing massive amounts of PTH.
This causes: very high calcium levels