Haematology (clotting) Risk Factors And Complications Flashcards
Which other condition is the most highly correlated with pulmonary embolism?
Deep vein thrombosis
Most people with a PE will have a DVT as well
What proportion of patients with a DVT will have a silent pulmonary embolism as well?
50%
What is Virchow’s triad of risk factors for thrombosis?
- Turbulence or stasis (of blood flow)
e. g. immobility - Endothelial injury
e. g. operation or immobility - Hypercoagulability
- when ill, your acute phase reactants concentration increases: fibrinogen, factor 8 and VwF
Virchow’s triad is effectively saying that hospitalisation and illness are the biggest risk factor for VTE.
What is the major complication of disseminated intravascular coagulation?
DIC means widespread thrombus formation throughout the body.
Major complication is thrombocytopenia with bleeds throughout the body (organs, skin, tissue)
What are the complications of DVT?
- Pulmonary embolism
2. Cardiac arrest (big enough to block Right atrium/ventricle)
What are the complications of Von willebrands disease?
Haemorrhage
Anemia
Treatment reactions:
VwF disease type 2B can develop thrombocytopenia (due to increased clearance of VwF-bound platelets)
Antibody to VwF concentrate
What are the complications of a massive pulmonary embolism?
Pulmonary hypertension
Right-sided heart failure
Cardiac arrest
Cardiogenic shock
Pulmonary infarct
Treatment complication:
Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia
What are the potential complications of blood transfusion following a major haemorrhage?
Acute lung injury
Renal dysfunction
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Infection (unlikely, due to screening)
Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction (IgG/IgM mediated cell-bound antigen recognition)
Readmission/morbidity