Haematology (clotting) Risk Factors And Complications Flashcards

1
Q

Which other condition is the most highly correlated with pulmonary embolism?

A

Deep vein thrombosis

Most people with a PE will have a DVT as well

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2
Q

What proportion of patients with a DVT will have a silent pulmonary embolism as well?

A

50%

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3
Q

What is Virchow’s triad of risk factors for thrombosis?

A
  1. Turbulence or stasis (of blood flow)
    e. g. immobility
  2. Endothelial injury
    e. g. operation or immobility
  3. Hypercoagulability
    - when ill, your acute phase reactants concentration increases: fibrinogen, factor 8 and VwF

Virchow’s triad is effectively saying that hospitalisation and illness are the biggest risk factor for VTE.

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4
Q

What is the major complication of disseminated intravascular coagulation?

A

DIC means widespread thrombus formation throughout the body.

Major complication is thrombocytopenia with bleeds throughout the body (organs, skin, tissue)

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5
Q

What are the complications of DVT?

A
  1. Pulmonary embolism

2. Cardiac arrest (big enough to block Right atrium/ventricle)

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6
Q

What are the complications of Von willebrands disease?

A

Haemorrhage
Anemia

Treatment reactions:

VwF disease type 2B can develop thrombocytopenia (due to increased clearance of VwF-bound platelets)

Antibody to VwF concentrate

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7
Q

What are the complications of a massive pulmonary embolism?

A

Pulmonary hypertension

Right-sided heart failure

Cardiac arrest

Cardiogenic shock

Pulmonary infarct

Treatment complication:
Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia

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8
Q

What are the potential complications of blood transfusion following a major haemorrhage?

A

Acute lung injury

Renal dysfunction

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Infection (unlikely, due to screening)

Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction (IgG/IgM mediated cell-bound antigen recognition)

Readmission/morbidity

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