Gastrointestinal Risk Factors And Complications Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factors for peptic ulcer?

A

NSAID use

Smoking

Alcohol excess

Family history of peptic ulcer disease

Physical stress (- trauma, surgery, ICU admission; stress ulcer)

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrin secretion excess increases acid production)

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2
Q

What are the complications of peptic ulcer disease?

A

Perforation - erosion through wall of stomach/duodenum into peritoneal cavity (shock and peritonitis)

Penetration - erosion in to adjacent organ without perforation (e.g.pancreas)

Gastric outlet obstruction - pyloric stenosis due to scarring and oedema during ulcer healing (Nausea, vomiting, weight loss

Upper GI bleeding - NSAIDs in particular cause this because they damage endothelium and their antiplatelet properties prevent clotting (haematemesis, melaena, iron deficiency anaemia - Fatigue, Dyspnoea, palpitations)

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3
Q

What are the risk factors for development of diverticuli?

A
High intake of meat 
Chronic constipation
Increasing age
Hereditary factors
Low fibre diet
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4
Q

What are the complications of diverticuli?

A

Diverticulitis - infection of the diverticulum and post-infective strictures

Bleeding per rectum - occult or overt (often sudden and painless)

Perforation causing peritonitis

Abscess formation

Fistulae - new connection between colon and small intestine/vagina/bladder (enterocolic, colovaginal, colovesical)

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5
Q

What are the complications of acute appendicitis?

A

Perforation - common with faecolith

Appendix mass - inflamed appendix becomes covered in omentum and they adhere to oneanother

Appendix abscess - the result of an unresolved appendix mass

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6
Q

In which page group is mesenteric ischemia more prevalent?

A

The elderly

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7
Q

What are the risk factors for intussusception?

A

Male sex

Age 6-12 months; a mostly paediatric condition
Rarely occurs in adults

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