Gastrointestinal Risk Factors And Complications Flashcards
What are the risk factors for peptic ulcer?
NSAID use
Smoking
Alcohol excess
Family history of peptic ulcer disease
Physical stress (- trauma, surgery, ICU admission; stress ulcer)
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrin secretion excess increases acid production)
What are the complications of peptic ulcer disease?
Perforation - erosion through wall of stomach/duodenum into peritoneal cavity (shock and peritonitis)
Penetration - erosion in to adjacent organ without perforation (e.g.pancreas)
Gastric outlet obstruction - pyloric stenosis due to scarring and oedema during ulcer healing (Nausea, vomiting, weight loss
Upper GI bleeding - NSAIDs in particular cause this because they damage endothelium and their antiplatelet properties prevent clotting (haematemesis, melaena, iron deficiency anaemia - Fatigue, Dyspnoea, palpitations)
What are the risk factors for development of diverticuli?
High intake of meat Chronic constipation Increasing age Hereditary factors Low fibre diet
What are the complications of diverticuli?
Diverticulitis - infection of the diverticulum and post-infective strictures
Bleeding per rectum - occult or overt (often sudden and painless)
Perforation causing peritonitis
Abscess formation
Fistulae - new connection between colon and small intestine/vagina/bladder (enterocolic, colovaginal, colovesical)
What are the complications of acute appendicitis?
Perforation - common with faecolith
Appendix mass - inflamed appendix becomes covered in omentum and they adhere to oneanother
Appendix abscess - the result of an unresolved appendix mass
In which page group is mesenteric ischemia more prevalent?
The elderly
What are the risk factors for intussusception?
Male sex
Age 6-12 months; a mostly paediatric condition
Rarely occurs in adults