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Pharmacology > Parasympathetic NS > Flashcards

Parasympathetic NS Flashcards

1
Q

What two categories do PSNS drugs fall into?

A
  1. Parasympathomimetic

2. PSNS Blockers

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2
Q

What two sub groups do Parasympathomimetics breakdown into?

A
  1. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

2. Pure muscarinic agonists

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3
Q

Name two Acetylesterase inhibitors?

A
  1. Neostigmine

2. Malathion

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4
Q

Name one pure muscarinic agonist?

A
  1. Pilocarpine
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5
Q

What category of PSNS drugs are muscarinic antagonists?

A

PSNS Blockers

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6
Q

What is the MOA of Neostigmine?

A
  • Indirectly and reversibly increases Ach levels by inhibiting Ach-esterase
  • Stimulates muscarinic receptors
  • Miosis (pupil constriction)
  • Increases peristalsis and bladder voiding
  • Slows heart rate
  • Bronchoconstriction
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7
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Neostigmine?

A
  • Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (Edrophonium)

- Alzheimer’s treatment (Rivastigmine)

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8
Q

What are the adverse effects / contra-indications of Neostigmine?

A
  • Asthma
  • Bradycardia
  • Diarrhea
  • Salivation
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9
Q

What is the MOA of Malathion?

A
  • Indirectly and irreversibly increases Ach levels by inhibiting Ach-esterase.
  • All post-ganglionic muscarinic receptors in GIT and bronchial muscles stimulated
  • Miosis (pupil constriction)
  • Increases peristalsis, mucous production and bladder voiding
  • Slows heart rate
  • Bronchoconstriction
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10
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Malathion?

A
  • HIGHLY toxic pesticide

antidote = atropine

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11
Q

What are the adverse effects / contra-indications of Malathion?

A
  • Patients drown in own secretions (salivation and mucous production)
  • Bradycardia
  • Asthma
  • Diarrhea
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12
Q

What is the MOA of Pilocarpine?

A
  • Stimulates muscarinic receptors
  • Miosis
  • Opens trabecular network in the canal of Schlemm (fluid can leave eye)
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13
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Pilocarpine?

A
  • Allows aqueous humour outflow from eye (lowers intra-occular pressure)
  • Used in conjuction with other preparations
  • Glaucoma
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14
Q

What are the adverse effects / contra-indications of Pilocarpine?

A
  • Asthma
  • Diarrhea
  • Bradycardia
  • Salivation
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15
Q

Name three muscarinic antagonists?

A
  1. Atropine
  2. Hyasine
  3. Ipratropium (bromide)
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16
Q

What is the MOA of Atropine?

A
  • Blocks post-ganglionic muscarinic receptors
  • Causes cycloplegia (paralysis of cilliary muscles - fail to accommodate for near vision)
  • Decreases salivation, mydriasis (pupil dilation), salivary gland secretion and perstalsis
  • Prevent bladder voiding (increases sphincter muscle tone)
  • Increases heart rate
  • Bronchodilation
17
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Atropine?

A
  • Antidote for organophosphate (pesticide) poisoning
  • Bradycardia
  • Stops vagal induced effects and decreases salivation (presurgery)
18
Q

What are the adverse effects / contra-indications of Atropine?

A
  • Blurred vision
  • Dry mouth
  • Tachycardia
  • Constipation
  • Urine retention
  • Mydriasis (pupil dilation)
  • Glaucoma
19
Q

What is the MOA of Hyoscine?

A
  • Blocks post-ganglionic muscarinic receptors
  • Causes cycloplegia (paralysis of cilliary muscles - fail to accommodate for near vision)
  • Decreases salivation, mydriasis (pupil dilation), salivary gland secretion and perstalsis
  • Prevent bladder voiding (increases sphincter muscle tone)
  • Increases heart rate
  • Bronchodilation
20
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Hyoscine?

A
  • IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)

* Doesn’t cross blood-brain barrier easily

21
Q

What are the adverse effects / contra-indications of Hyoscine?

A
  • Blurred vision
  • Dry mouth
  • Tachycardia
  • Constipation
  • Urine retention
  • Mydriasis (pupil dilation)
  • Glaucoma
22
Q

What is the MOA of Ipratropium?

A
  • Blocks post-ganglionic muscarinic receptors
  • Causes cycloplegia (paralysis of cilliary muscles - fail to accommodate for near vision)
  • Decreases salivation, mydriasis (pupil dilation), salivary gland secretion and perstalsis
  • Prevent bladder voiding (increases sphincter muscle tone)
  • Increases heart rate
  • Bronchodilation
23
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Ipratropium?

A
  • Asthma (bronchodilator)
  • COPD
  • Spray/inhalant
24
Q

What are the adverse effects / contra-indications of Ipratropium?

A
  • Blurred vision
  • Dry mouth
  • Tachycardia
  • Constipation
  • Urine retention
  • Mydriasis (pupil dilation)
  • Glaucoma

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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