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Pharmacology > Cephalosporins > Flashcards

Cephalosporins Flashcards

1
Q

How many generations of Cephalosporins are there?

A

4

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2
Q

Name two drugs that are 1st generation Cephalosporins.

A
  1. Cefalexin

2. Cefadroxil

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3
Q

Name two drugs that are 2nd generation Cephalosporins.

A
  1. Cefuroxime

2. Cefamandole

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4
Q

Name two drugs that are 3rd generation Cephalosporins.

A
  1. Cefotaxime

2. Ceftriaxone

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5
Q

Name two drugs that are 4th generation Cephalosporins.

A
  1. Cefepime

2. Cefpirome

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6
Q

How are 1st generation Cephalosporins administered?

A
  • Oral
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7
Q

How are 2nd generation Cephalosporins administered?

A 
Cefuroxime:
  - Oral
  - IV
  - IM
Cefamandole:
  - IV
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8
Q

How are 3rd generation Cephalosporins administered?

A
  • IV

- IM

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9
Q

How are 4th generation Cephalosporins adminstered?

A 
Cefepime:
  - IV
  - IM
Cefpirome:
  - IV
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10
Q

What is the MOA of a 1st generation Cephalosporin (include elimination)?

A
  • Similar to Penicillin
  • Variable half-life (increased by Probenecid)
  • Excreted via kidney
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11
Q

What is the MOA of a 2nd generation Cephalosporin (include elimination)?

A
  • Similar to Penicillin
  • Variable half-life (increased by Probenecid)
  • Excreted via kidney
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12
Q

What is the MOA of a 3rd generation Cephalosporin (include elimination)?

A
  • Similar to Penicillin
  • Penetrated well into CSF
  • 40% hepatic elimination
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13
Q

What is the MOA of a 4th generation Cephalosporin (include elimination)?

A
  • Similar to Penicillin

- B-lactamase resistant

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14
Q

What spectrum are 1st generation Cephalosporins?

A
  • Streptococci
  • Staphylococci
  • Most effective against Gram +ve
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15
Q

What spectrum are 2nd generation Cephalosporins?

A
  • Streptococci and Staphylococci (same as 1st)
  • E.coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • H.influenza
  • Enterobacter
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16
Q

What spectrum are 3rd generation Cephalosporins?

A
  • Gram +ve (and H.influenza)
  • N.gonorrheae
  • Salmonella
  • P.aeruginosa
17
Q

What spectrum are 4th generation Cephalosporins?

A
  • Gram +ve and -ve (same as 1st, 2nd and 3rd gen.)

- Especially: P.aeruginosa

18
Q

When is Ceftriaxone contra-indicated?

A
  • Neonates

- Increased calcium solution

19
Q

What drug interactions occur with Ceftriaxone?

A
  • Alcohol
  • Warfarin
  • NSAIDs
  • COCP
  • Probenecid
  • Cephalosporins
  • Aminoglycosides (inactivate)
20
Q

What main side effect is caused by Cefamandole?

A
  • Alcohol intolerance
21
Q

What are the general side effects of Cephalosporins?

A
  • Hypersensitivity reactions
  • Cross-hypersensitivity (patients may tolerate)
  • Decreased effect of COCP
  • Nephrotoxic (with vancomycin or aminoglycosides)
  • Neurotoxin (high dose or renal impairment)
  • IV administration = phlebitis and erythema

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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