Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Parasitology > Parasitology Ticks > Flashcards

Parasitology Ticks Flashcards

1
Q

Phylum, class, families of ticks

A

Phylum Arthropoda
Class Arachnida
Family Argasidae- soft ticks
Family Ixodidae- hard ticks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why are ticks important?

A

Are vectors of many disease- bacterial, viral, rickettsial, fungal, and protozoal
Can cause disease directly
Cost billions of dollars a year to control and to treat tick transmitted diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why are ticks good vectors?

A

most are persistent blood feeders, feed slowly
highly scerlotized
have few natural enemies
have wide host range
long lived, with high reproductive potential
Transmission of pathogens is transovarian, transstadial, and/or intrastadial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Transovarian transmission

A

female can transmit disease to eggs
larvae come out infected
(not in lyme disease transmission)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Transstadial transmission

A

stage-to-stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diseases and disorders caused directly by ticks

A

dermatoses
feeding introduces biologically active substances or toxins
can cause: exsanguination, tick paralysis, otoacarisis (ear infection caused by soft tick)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Basic identification of hard ticks

A

Body composed of capitulum and idiosoma (with scutum)

Capitulum is composed of mouth parts plus basis capituli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Parts of the capitulum

A 
Basis capituli (aka base of capitulum)
Mouth parts: palps, chelicerae, hypostome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Purpose of chelicerae

A

cuts and slices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Purpose of hypostome

A

anchors tick

also with cementing substace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Structure of hard ticks

A 
teardrop shaped
capitulum visible
festoons, ornate (+/-)
scutum
sexual dimorphism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anal groove will be

A

anterior
posterior
or absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Structure of soft ticks

A

body oval, leathery
capitum not visible, no scutum
no festoons
no sexual dimorphism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Prostriate tick mating

A

mate while still in the environment
males may mate again while on host
usually more females on host than males
Ex. Ixodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Metastriate tick mating

A

males require a blood meal before they become sexually mature
sexual maturity doesn’t complete until male and females have fed
usually more males than females on host b/c females fall off and males seek out new females to mate with on host
Ex. Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor, Ambylyomma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 types of host finding

A

questing
nidicolous
non-nidicolous

17
Q

Nidicolous host finding

A

live in host den or nest (soft ticks)

18
Q

Non-nidicolous host finding

A

found along paths, trails, etc. where hosts are likely to pass

19
Q

Tick feeding

A

pool feeders; excrete substances that effect hemostasis and immune response
concentrate blood meal-water back into host (toxins, pathogens)
intracellular digestion- blood stays in gut long periods- helps protect pathogens
most ticks require several days to complete feeding- if don’t feed long enough no transmission occurs (except H. americanum by A. maculatum)
Important pathogens have adapted to survive in the tick

20
Q

Pathogen transmission

A

Different pathogens require different times to be re-activated or undergo development in the tick, may also have to migrate to the mouth parts to be transmitted
Immunity of the host may increase transmission time
Different pathogens may take different times to be transmitted by the same tick species
Different genera of ticks may take different times to transmit the same pathogen

21
Q

Otobius megnini

A

soft tick
spinose ear tick
cattle and dogs
Hot, drier range areas, rocky habitats, shelter or barn
Nymphs in ear, adults are free living and breed off of host

22
Q

Ixodes scapularis, basics

A

black-legged deer tick
3 host tick
life cycle can take up to 2 years
anal groove is anterior; genital opening is missing in nymphs

23
Q

Disease transmission of Ixodes scapularis/pacificus

A

Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi)
Babesia in humans
Anaplasma phagocytophilium

24
Q

Feeding habits of Ixodes scapularis larvae and nymphs

A

small mammals and birds

this is where they pick up lyme disease

25
Q

Feeding habits of Ixodes scapularis adults

A

deer and other larger mammals (dogs)

have to be attached for 2 days to transmit lyme disease

26
Q

Amblyoma americanum, general info

A

lone star tick, 3 stage host
Larvae and nymphs feed on birds and small mammals
Adults feed on large mammals

27
Q

Diseases transmitted by Amblyoma americanum

A

Minor role with RMSF
Ehrlichiosis chaffeensis- human monocytic ehrliciosis
E. ewingi- canine and human granulocyticehrliciosis
STARI (southern tick associated rash illness; B. lonestari- closely related to lyme disease)

28
Q

Amblyomma maculatum

A

Gulf Coast tick of cows and dogs
Transmits Hepatozoon americanum (not the same as hepatozoonosis in other parts of the world), often fatal and difficult to treat
Is a 3 host tick

29
Q

Dermacentor variabilis

A

American dog tick, very common
3 host tick
larvae and nymphs feed on mice and small mammals
adults feed on large animals including dogs, cattle, humans
life cycle 1 or 2 years

30
Q

What does Dermacentor variabilis transmit?

A

RMSF (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)
Cytoxzoan felis to cats
E. canis to dogs

31
Q

Rhipicephalus sanguineus, general

A

brown dog tick
3 host tick, but dog is preferred for all stages
will reproduce in home and kennel environments
can complete life cycle in 2 months

32
Q

What diseases are transmitted by Rhipicepalus sanguineus

A

Ehrlichia canis
possibly A. platys
Babesia canis and Babesia gibsoni
Hepatozan canis (dogs

33
Q

Brief details of appearance of Rhipicephalus sanguineus

A

Basis capituli has lateral expansion
Is not ornated
Festoons

34
Q

Rhipeecephalus (Boophilus) annulatus

A

Texas cattle fever tick
1 host tick
eradicated from US but still in Mexico
Reportable tick

35
Q

Tick paralysis

A

Ascending motor paralysis
Toxic stuff in salica
Tick(s) usally found on neck or near head (can be caused by one, but often several are present)
Removal of tick is the treatment
All spp can cause it but in US is usually Dermacentor variabilis, Dermacentor andersoni, Amblyomma americanum, and Ambylomma maculatum

36
Q

Tick control

A

chemical toxicants (drugs)
biological control
habitat modification
host manipulation

37
Q

Lyme disease control

A

vaccination

doxycycline has been used in humans if tick has been found, not proven in dogs

38
Q

Removing a tick

A

Do not squeeze it
Use blunt forceps
Grasp the basis capituli and apply steady constant pressure

Parasitology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions