Parasitology crypto and piroplasmas

Question 1

Cryptosporidium- really a coccidium?

Answer 1

Has an oocyst like coccidia
No sporocysts- 4 sporozoites
Develops in microvillous
Excreted fully sporulated
Anticoccidial drugs do not work

Question 2

Cryptosporidium parvum

Answer 2

The truly zoonotic species
Dairy calves- non-bloody diarrhea at 5 to 6 days
Humans- non-bloody diarrhea
Water- transmission

Question 3

Cryptosporidiosis

Answer 3

C. hominis human to human- water borne outbreaks; C. parvum calf human human
AIDS and other IC patients- life long infection, water diarrhea, involvement of hepatic and respiratory systems
HAART
Chemicals in water don’t kill any spp’s oocysts and can occasionally make it past filters
Swimming, daycare
Neonatal calves

Question 4

Cryptosporidium, general

Answer 4

Develops in the microvilli
Watery diarrhea in mammals
Oocysts are about 5 micrometers and are excreted fully sporulated
No treatment
Immediately infective

Question 5

Diagnosis of Cryptosporidium

Answer 5

Find oocysts

Sugar flotation, acid-fast stainging, direct-IFAT, ELISA

Question 6

The Piroplasms

Answer 6

Tick borne Apicomplexans; blood parasites
Important disease of cattle in tropics
Asexual stages in RBCs (Babesia) or in lymphoid cells and RBCs (Theileria and Cytauxzoon)
Sexual stages in the tick

Question 7

Pathogenicity of Babesia

Answer 7

hemolytic anemia, anorexia, fever, jaundice, hemogloinuria

Piroplasms in RBCs

Question 8

Rhipicephalus anulatus is the tick that transmits

Answer 8

Babesia bigemina, aka Texas cattle fever

Question 9

Rhipicephalus sanguineus is the tick that transmits

Answer 9

Babesia gibsoni (often found in dog fighting kennels) and Babesia canis
Can also be transmitted by blood transfusion

Question 10

Treatment for Babesia in dogs

Answer 10

Imidocarb

Question 11

Cytauxzoon felis

Answer 11

Rapidly fatal disease of cats
Stages in macrophages that line vessels and in RBCs
Fever, anorexi, icterus, and dyspnea
Splenomegaly
Transmitted by the tick Dermacentor variabilis

Question 12

Hepatozoon americanum

Answer 12

Muscle stiffness, lameness, reluctance to move, weight loss, muscle atrophy, fever, depression, limb edema, periosteal bone proliferation, death
Transmitted by the tick Amblyomma maculatum
Marked leukocytosis and neutrophilia
Not= H. canis