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Parasitology > Parasitology mites > Flashcards

Parasitology mites Flashcards

1
Q

Phylum and subclass for mites

A

P- Arthropoda

Sc- Acari

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2
Q

What are the four main stages in the life cycle of mites?

A

Egg
Larva
Nymph
Adult

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3
Q

Leg numbers

A

Nymphs, adults 8

Larvae 6

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4
Q

What are the 2 functional groups of important mites?

A

Typical parasitic mite

Atypical parasitic mite

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5
Q

General info about typical parasitic mites

A

Share many traits with lice: usually host specific, all stages on host, usually short life cycle, transmitted by direct contact, fomites, suckers on legs
Doesn’t survive well off the host
Causes “mange”
diagnosis by skin scraping

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6
Q

General info about atypical parasitic mites

A

may visit host intermittently

may have some nonparasitic stages

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7
Q

Definition of mange

A

skin disease of domestic animals caused by number of genera of mites
No characteristic lesion, other skin diseases could look similar

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8
Q

Definition of scabies

A

mange, cause may vary
small animals usually mean Sarcoptes
large animals could mean other mites

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9
Q

General info about sarcoptic mites

A

typical parasite mites
burrowing mites- females lay eggs in tunnels in epidermis
Life cycle takes about 3 weeks
Easily transmitted between animals

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10
Q

Diagnosis for sarcoptic mites

A

Skin scraping- scrape periphery
May be difficult to find so scrape many spots (itching may make the host look worse than the number of mites)
May find mites or eggs on fecal exam (from grooming)

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11
Q

Sarcoptes scabiei

A

Separate varieties for most common domestic mammals- most often dogs, also pigs
Don’t seem to cross infest
Not all sarcoptes are the same spp. but called the same with variant by host

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12
Q

Sarcoptes scabiei, var canis Clinical importance

A

Mites like hairless areas/thin hair- lesions may appear first on face, ears, legs
Intense pruritis

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13
Q

Chronic sarcoptic mange you see

A

alopecia, thickened, wrinkled skin
secondary bacterial infection
self inflicted trauma

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14
Q

Treatment/control of canine sarcoptes

A

Treat all animals in household
Macrolides used primarily
Extensive environmental treatment not needed b/c live on host– wash bedding, clean kennel, etc.

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15
Q

Zoonotic potential of canine sarcoptes

A

Lesions in area of contact but can’t establish on humans

humans have their own Sarcoptes

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16
Q

Sarcoptes in pigs

A

Economically important- lost production in young pigs
Old sows act as carriers
Eradicable from closed system with macrolides

17
Q

Sarcoptes in other livestock

A

Rare in ruminants, horses
Can cause severe disease in camelids
Large animal treatment is macrolides

18
Q

Knemidocoptes, general

A

Sarcoptic mange mite of poultry and pet birds worldwide
Called scaly face or scaly leg mite depending on where lesions usually seen
Can be a very serious disease
Treat with macrolides

19
Q

Knemidocoptes, life cycle/ details more than just general

A

Most common species seen on nonfeathered portions of body
Mites burrow in, cause crusty, scaly lesions
Lesions have a honeycomb appearance
May cause malformations of beak, claws

20
Q

Psoroptic mites, general characteristics

A

Surface dwellers, not burrowers
Oval, not round with longer legs than sarcoptic mites
Short life cycle- minimum 2 weeks
Diagnosis by skin scrape (except ear mites)
Macrolides effective

21
Q

Psoroptes ovis, general and zoonosis

A

Ruminants, host specific strains- found worldwide, eradicated from sheep in US, status unsure in cattle
Transmission by direct contact
Handlers can get temporary lesions

22
Q

Psoroptes ovis, clinical importance

A 
Cause severe pruritis and skin lesions
Diagnosis by skin scraping
*NOTIFIABLE INFESTATION*
Importance diminishing with highly effective macrolides
Treat all animals
23
Q

Psoroptes cuniculi

A

Primarily otic parasites of rabbits

Occasionally in alpacas, goats; rare in horses

24
Q

Chorioptes spp.

A 
Ruminants, horses, but host specific
Direct contact transmission
Predilection sites: cattle- tailhead, under and perineal region
small ruminants- leg, lower body
horses- legs, esp. feathered horses
25
Q

Otodectes cynotis, general

A

Dogs, cats, ferrets (mostly cats)

Parasite of ear canal, transmission by direct contact

26
Q

Otodectes cynotis, clinical signs/importance

A

Otitis externa- can cause intense pruritis
Coffee grounds in the ear
very common mite

27
Q

Otodectes cynotis, diagnosis and treatment

A

Ear swab, otoscope
Clean ear, miticide- macrolides, pyrethrins
Treat all animals in environment

28
Q

Demodex spp., general

A

Highly host species specific
Normal part of skin flora
Usually parasite of hair follicles or seabaceous glands
Transmission occurs shortly after birth from dam

29
Q

Demodex, clinical importance

A

Important in dogs, other hosts rare signs
Clinical signs appear when mites proliferate beyond normal levels
Interfere with follicles, gland function
Can lead to inflammation, secondary infection

30
Q

Canine demodectosis occurs in 2 main forms

A

localized form

generalized form

31
Q

Localized form of demodectosis

A

Some pups (usually 3-10 m of age)
Small, hairless regions
Nonpruritic
90% resolve spontaneously, 10% progress

32
Q

Generalized form of demodectosis

A

Lesions occur and spread
Progressive spread from localized in pups
Also adult onset
More often in purebred short haired dogs

33
Q

Canine Demodex clinical signs

A

Generalized disease thought to indicate specific immunodeficiency
alopecia, erythema, seborrhea, pyoderma, pruritis follows continued inflammation and secondary infection

34
Q

Diagnosis of Demodex in dogs

A

Deep skin scraping, squeeze skin fold
Look like cigar with legs
Eggs and mites in feces
More mites and juveniles has a lower prognosis

35
Q

Treatment of Demodex in dogs

A

Amitraz, macrolides (most common)

Genetic predisposition- don’t breed animals with a history of generalized disease

36
Q

Demodex in spp. other than dogs

A

Cat- rare ear, face mange
Ruminants- usually non-pruritic pustules
Humans- rare lesions

Parasitology (13 decks)

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