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Parasitology > Parasitology flies > Flashcards

Parasitology flies Flashcards

1
Q

Order diptera

A

flies

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2
Q

General info about flies

A

1 pair of membranous wings (some exceptions have no wings)

Complete metamorphosis

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3
Q

Why do we dislike flies?

A

annoyance
bites (allergic reaction, fly bite hypersensitivity)
disease transmission
parasitism by larval flies (obligate and facultative)

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4
Q

Stages of flies causing problems

A

adult non-biting
adult biting
larval flies

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5
Q

Adult non-biting flies general

A

Musca domestica and others
not parasites, annoyance can interfere with normal behavior, can serve as disease vectors, eggs often laid in decaying organic material, short generation times (house fly 2 week cycle)

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6
Q

Musca autumnalis life cycle

A 
aka face fly
Females can be considered parasitic b/c eat secretions (esp. tears)
See on face around eyes
Eggs laid in FRESH manure
primarily affects ruminants and horses
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7
Q

Musca autumnalis importance

A

Annoyance- flies irritate mucosa: inflammation, tearing

Transmit bovine pink eye- mechanical transmission of the bacteria that causes pink eye (Moraxella bovis)

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8
Q

General info about adult biting flies

A

Cause annoyance
Can transmit disease- some as biological vectors, most also mechanical vectors
Can cause fly bite dermatitis (FBD)- allergic reaction to antigens injected during fly bites (big problem in horses)

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9
Q

Stomoxys calcitrans life cycle

A

Stable fly (look like house fly with protruding probscis)
Visits host 1-2 times/day (rest of time in environment)
Prefers to bite legs, flanks (so ear tags no effective)
Lay eggs in decaying organic material

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10
Q

Importance of Stomoxyns calcitrans

A

annoyance to animals and humans

fly bite dermatits

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11
Q

Life cycle of Haematobia irritans

A

Aka horn fly, esp. important in cattle, smaller than house fly
Sit on dorsum (ventrum when hot) of cattle, horses
Adults are resident parasites (stay on host with head pointed to ground)
Eggs laid in FRESH manure (return to host after laying eggs)

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12
Q

Importance of Haematobia irritans

A

Annoyance, each fly feeds up to 20 times/day
Lead to decreased production of host
Flea bite dermatitis

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13
Q

General info about family Tabanidae

A

Horse and deer flies
In general, big flies, big eyes, stout body
Deer flies often have striped wings

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14
Q

Life cycle of family Tabanidae

A

Females take blood meals

Lay eggs near WATER

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15
Q

Importance of family Tabanidae

A

Annoyance- very painful bites b/c have blades that slash the skin and create a pool of blood to feed from
Excellent mechanical vectors of disease

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16
Q

Life cycle of mosquitoes

A

small, delicate flies, long mouth parts
Females take blood meals
Eggs laid in WATER- wide variation in species preferences for egg environment

17
Q

Importance of mosquitoes

A

annoyance
fly bite dermatitis
Disease vector- heartworm, equine encephalitis, viruses, avian malaria

18
Q

Simulidae, general and life cycle

A

Black flies, buffalo gnats (b/c have a hump like a buffalo)

Eggs laid in rapidly moving water

19
Q

Importance of Simulidae

A

Annoyance- will swarm and bite, eastern US see dogs and horses with affected eats
Fly bite dermatitis
Disease vector- US not much though; avian hemoprotozoa; rare fatalities have been reported in Canada and W. Europe

20
Q

General info Culicoides

A

TINY flies, get through screens
called no-see-ums and midges
Word “midge” also used for annoying non-biting flies

21
Q

Life cycle Culicoides

A

larvae found in moist soil or aquatic

adults usually crepuscular or nocturnal

22
Q

Importance of Culicoides

A

Annoyance
fly bite dermatitis (called sweet itch in horses)
Vector of blue tongue, EHD (deer), avian hemoprotazoa
Bites are very annoying

23
Q

Mechanical fly control for large animals

A

window screens, doors

fly sheets, fly masks

24
Q

Traps for fly control

A

Bait (often pheromone) attracts flies

Bug zappers emotionally satisfying but not very effective (usually doesn’t attract problem flies)

25
Q

Manure fly control

A

Get rid of it
Feed through pesticides kill larvae (comes out in the manure)
Parasitic (parasitoid) wasps

26
Q

Administration of pesticides for flies in food animals

A

Dust bags and back rubbers (animals walk under and rub against to deposit pesticides on hair/skin)
Ear tags- cattle
Pour-ons (pyrethroids, macrolides most common)

27
Q

Administration of pesticides for flies in horses

A

Repellants, sprays, pour-ons (most commonly pyrethroids)
Masks, fly sheets
Physical barriers

28
Q

Myiasis

A

Any infection due to the invasion of the tissues or cavities of the body by the larvae of dipterous insects

29
Q

Cutaneous myiasis

A

fly strike, maggots

Family Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae

30
Q

Internal myiasis

A

grubs, warbles, bots, screwworm

Family Gasterophilidae, Hypodermatidae, Cuterebridae, Oestridae

Parasitology (13 decks)

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