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ID Unit 3 > Parasitology/Protozoa I > Flashcards

Parasitology/Protozoa I Flashcards

1
Q

Protozoa found in water or food contamination

A
  1. Giardia lamblia (Giardiasis)
  2. Entamoeba histolytica (amoebiasis)
  3. Cryptosporidium (cryptosporidiosis)
  4. Toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis)
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2
Q

Protozoa found in Insect or tick bites

A
  1. Babesia microti (babesiosis)

2. Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease)

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3
Q

Protozoa found in contact lenses and solutions

A

Acanthamoeba

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4
Q

Protozoa found in hot springs, warm water, nasal wash

A

Nagleria fowleri

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5
Q

Worms (helminths) found in water or food contam

A
  1. Ascaris
  2. Whipworm
  3. Trichinella
  4. Tapeworms
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6
Q

Helminths (worms found in bare feet or other soil contact)

A

hookworm

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7
Q

Helminths endemic in households

A

pinworms

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8
Q

Amoebiasis (entamoeba histolytica)

  • Intra or extracellular?
  • Sx of infnx
  • Transmission?
  • what form is infxous?
A

Extracellular parasit

Large bowel infxn that causes diarrhea/dysentery
- cause RBC and other cells to lyse

F-O
(also resistant to chlorination of drinking water)

Cyst (not the trophozoite or precyst)

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9
Q

Most common presentation of Entamoeba pathogenesis

A

Colitis

- Amoeba can invade mucosa and erode thru lamina propria = flask shaped ulcer

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10
Q

dxing Entamoeba histolytica

A

Look at stool for cysts

Serology + PCR

Immunodiagnosis

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11
Q

Giardiasis

  • Intra or extracellular?
  • Transmission?
A

Extracellular parasite of large intestine

FO

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12
Q

Most common cause of nonbacterial diarrhea in the US

A

Giardiasis

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13
Q

Prevalence of Giardiasis

A

2-5% in industrialized countries

20-30% in developing countries

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14
Q

Bloating, Flatulence, foul-smelling stool, fatty diarrhea

A

Giardia lamblia

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15
Q

Bloody diarrhea, liver abscesses, “anchovy pase exudate”, RUQ pain, flask shaped ulcer

A

entamoeba histolytica

amebiasis

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16
Q

Cryptosporidiosis

  • infects small or large intestine?
  • Intra or extracelluar?
  • transmission?
  • common sources?
A

Intestinal villus of small intestine

Intracellular parasite

FO - oocysts in water

drinking water and swimming pools (chlorine resistant)

17
Q

Clinical presentation of cryptococcus

A

Severe diarrhea in AIDS

Mild disease (watery diarrhea) in nl peepo

18
Q

Trichomoniasis

  • infects what?
  • Extra or intracellular?
  • infects in which form?
A

Urogenital tract

  • vagina & urethra in females
  • urethra, sem vesicles, prostate in men

Extracellular

Trophozoite form (no cyst form)

19
Q

1 trichomoniasis complication in men and women

A

increased HIV transmission and infectivity

20
Q

Clinical presentation of trichomoniasis

A

discharge

Strawberry cervix

21
Q

Brain eating ameba, rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis

A

Naegleria fowleri

- typically lethal

22
Q

How do free living amoeba (Naegleria fowleri) get to brain?

A

travel thru olfactory nerve into frontal lobe of brain

nasal wash

23
Q

The only common pathogenic protozoan found in duodenum or jejunum

A 
Giardia intestinalis
(it is a flagellate)

*so is trichomonas vaginalis

24
Q

Life cycle and pathogenesis of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Ingest cysts –>
Excyst in SI –>
Differentiating trophozoites multiply by binary fission –>
Attach to + invade Colonic mucosa –>
Can disseminate and spread via portal system –>
Liver

25
Q

Life cycle and pathogenesis of Giardiasis

A

Ingest cysts –>
Excyst in stomach acid –>
Trophozoites multiply in duodenum and jejunum and attach to mucosa (but doesnt invade like entamoeba)(crypt hypertrophy + villous flattening + malabsorption)
–>
Cysts are formed as parasites enter colon –>
Comes out in Poo

26
Q

Life cycle and pathogenesis of cryptosporidium

A

Ingest OOCYSTS in water –>
Release sporozoite –>
Which invades small intestinal epithelial cells –>
Mature asexually (shizogony) and forms merozoites –>
Infect other intestinal epithelial cells

Can mature sexually (gametogony) –>
Forms infectious oocysts that are shed in stool

27
Q

Life cycle and pathogenesis of T. vaginalis

A

Get trophozoite via sexual transmission –>
Replicates by binary fission in lower genital tract
(no cyst form, and cant survive in external environment)

ID Unit 3 (12 decks)

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