Parasitology-protozoa Flashcards by Dexie Navales

Flask shaped colon ulcer, desentery without fever, liver abscess (anchovy paste like)

Amoeba histolytica

Carrier state: diloxanite furoate
Amebic colitis: metronidazole

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Entamoeba histolytica

T/IS/Dx

fecal-oral route/mature cyst/trophhhozoites, cyst

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Metronidazole is DOC for

E. Histolytica
Trichomonas vaginalis
Gardia lambia

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Gardia lambia

T/IS/Dx

Fecal-oral/cyst/trophozoite, cyst

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Cryptosporidium parvum

T/IS/Dx

Fecal-oral route/ thick walled oocysts

Nitrozoxanide

Life threatening at CD4<200

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Exist only as a pear shaped trophozoite

Trichomonas vaginalis

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Trichomonas vaginalis

T/IS/Dx

Sexual intercourse/trophozoite

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Plasmodium in mosquito

Gamtocyte–>ookinete–>oocyte–>sporozoite

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Plasmodium in the liver

Sporozoite–>schizoint

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Plasmodium in the blood

Schizont–>trophozoite–>merozoite

2. Schizont–>gametocyte

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Plasmodium

T/IS/Dx

Anopheles mosquito bite/sporozoite/trophozoite (ring form)-thick and thin smear

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All plasmodium sp has tertian periodicity except

Plasmodium malariae

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Plasmodium:highest paracetimea/lowest paracetimea

P. falciparum/P. malariae

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Cerebral malaria

P. falciparum

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Recrudescence

Falciparum/Malariae

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Recurrence

Vivax/Ovale

Malarial dots

Schuffner: ovale, vivax
Maurer: falciparum
Ziemman: malariae

Tissue Schizonticide/ blood Schizonticide / gametocide/ sporonticide

Primaquine/chloroquine, quinine/primaquine/ proguanil, pyrimethamine

Tx:chloroquine resistant/ hypnozoite eradication/ pregnant

Mefloquine+doxycycline/
Primaquine/
Quinidine, quinine

Cat as definitive host
Heterophil neg mononucleosis
Encephalitis -Immunocompromised
Intracranial calcification- congenital

Toxoplasma gondii

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

Toxoplasmosis

T/IS/Dx

F-O route, transplacental/ fecal oocyst/ trophozoite, bradyzoite (IgM antibody)

Blood tissue protozoan
Romanas sign
Myocarditis, megaesophagus

Trypanosome cruzii

Nifurtimox

Trypanosoma cruzii

T/IS/Dx

Bite of reduviid bug/metacyclic trypomastigote/tripomastigote in blood (stained BMA or muscle biopsy, xenodiagnosis)

African sleeping sickness 
Trypanosomal chancre
Winterbutton's sign
Kerandel's sign
Encephalitis (Mott cells)

Trypanosoma brucie

Suramin (blood)
Melarsoprol (CNS)

MCC of red tide in the Philippines

Pyrodinium bahamense variant compressum

Shellfish poisoning syndrome Paralytic/ neurotoxic / diarrhetic/ amnesic

Saxitoxin/ brevetoxin/ okadaic acid/ Domoic acid Tx: gastric lavage, Neostigmine/edrophonium

Trypanosoma brucei | T/IS/Dx

Tsetse fly (Glossina)/ metacyclic trypomastigotes/ trypomastigote in blood

Granulomatous amebic encephalitis | Contaminated contact lenses

Acanthamoeba castellanii

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis

Naegleria fowleri

Wide necked, round base intestinal ulcer | Ciliated protozoan to cause human dse

Balantidium coli

Transmitted by ixodes tick | Trophozoite:Maltese cross

Babesia microti

Leishmania spectrum of dse

Cutaneous: leishmania tropica Visceral: leishmania donovani Mucocutaneous: leishmania brasiliensis Tx Na Stibo gluconate Transmitted by sandfly, infective promastigotes