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Generalities Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Creutzfield-Jacob, kuru, BSE

A

Prion

Spongiform encephalopathy

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1
Q

Jumping genes

A

Transposons

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2
Q 
Outer membranes:
Diatom
Plants and algae
Fungi
Bacteria
A

Silica
Cellulose
Chitin
Peptidoglycan

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3
Q

Bacteria: smallest, no cell wall

A

Mycoplasma

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4
Q

Bacteria:largest

Dse

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

Lime dse

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5
Q

Only gram positive organism with LPS (endotoxin)

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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6
Q

Not seen in gram staining

These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color

A 
Treponema (dark field microscopy)
Rickettsia (Giemsa stain)
Mycobacterium (Acid Fast Stain)
Mycoplasma (serology)
Legionella (silver stain)
Chlamydia (inclusion bodies/tissue staining)
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7
Q

Only bacteria with capsule made of polypeptide (D-glutamate)

A

Bacillus anthracis

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8
Q

Spore forming bacteria

A

Bacillus

Clostridium

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9
Q

Both antibacterial and B-lactamase inhibitor

A

Nafcillin
Cloxacillin
Methicillin

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10
Q

Byproducts of aerobic metabolism

A

H2O2, superoxides

Superoxide desmutase, catalase, peroxidase

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11
Q

Obligate aerobes

Nosy and Nagging Pests Must Breath Lots of oxygen

A 
Nocardia
Neisseria 
Pseudomonas
Mycobacteria/Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Bordetella/Brucella/B. cereus
Leptospira/Legionella
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12
Q

Obligate anaerobes

ABC

A

Actinomyces
Bacteroides
Clostridium

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13
Q

Example of programmed rearrangement

A

Relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis)

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14
Q

DNA transfer with the use of vector

A

Transduction

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15
Q

Example of transduction (lysogenic)

A

Erythrogenic toxin of strep pyogenes (scarlet fever)

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16
Q

Bacteria with IgA protease

SHiNe My Gong

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenza
Neisseria Meningitidis
neisseria Gonorrhea

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17
Q

Source of toxoid vaccine

A

Exotoxin

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18
Q

Only heat stable exotoxin

A

Staphylococcal enterotoxin

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19
Q

Typical dse
Exotoxins
Endotoxin

A

Tetanus, botulism /

Meningococcemia

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20
Q

Toxic component of LPS

A

Lipid A

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21
Q

CM: gram positive cocci

A

Blood agar

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22
Q

CM: enteric gram negative rods

*lactose fermenters vs. non-fermenters

A

McConkey

Eosin methylene blue (EMB)

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23
Q

CM: enteric gram negative rods

* H2S producers vs non- producers

A

Triple sugar iron (TSI)

24
Q

CM: clostridium perfringens

A

Egg yolk

25
Q

CM: corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Tellurite

26
Q

CM: group D strep

A

Bile esculin

27
Q

CM: staphylococci

A

Mannitol salt

28
Q

CM: neisseria meningitidis and neisseria gonorrhea

A

Chocolate agar

29
Q

CM: N. gonorrhea

A

Thayer-Martin (vancomycin, cholecystin, nystatin)

30
Q

CM: H. Influenzae

A

Chocolate + factor X and V

31
Q

CM: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Lowenstein Jensen

32
Q

CM: Vibrio cholerae

A

TCBS

33
Q

CM: Bordetella pertussis

A

Bordet-gengou

34
Q

CM: Legionella pneumophila

A

Charcoal yeast extract

35
Q

CM: campylobacter, helicobacter

A

Skirrows

36
Q

CM: Borrelia burgdorferi

A

BSK

37
Q

CM: mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Eaton

38
Q

CM: pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Cetrimide

39
Q

CM: salmonella, shigella

A

XLD

40
Q

CM: Leptospira interogans

A

EMJH/Fletcher’s

41
Q

Antibiotics CI in neonates

A

Chloramphenicol

Sulfonamide

42
Q

Antibiotic: cut off >18yo

A

Quinolones

Tetracyclines

43
Q

CI antibiotics in elderly

A

Isoniazid (hepatotoxic)

Aminoglycosides (Nephrotoxic)

44
Q

Pregnancy: cat b to c

A

Penicillin
B-lactams
Erythromycin

45
Q

Pregnancy: cat D to X

A 
Metronidazole and Tetarcillin
Rifampicin and TMP
Tetrecyclin
Aminoglycoside
Isoniazid
46
Q

Most hepatotoxic antibiotics

A

Erythromycin
Chloramphenicol
Lyncomycin
Clindamycin

47
Q

Crosses BBB without inflammation

A

Sulfonamide
Chloramphenicol
Metronidazole

Rifampicin
Isoniazid

Fluconazole

48
Q

Crosses BBB with inflammation

A

PCN
3rd gen Ceph
Imipenem, Meropenem, aztreonam
Ciprofloxacin, vancomycin

49
Q

Chloramphenicol: bacteriocidal in

A

N. meningitidis
Bacteroides fragilis
H. Influenzae
Strep pneumoniae

50
Q

Not good BBB penetration

A

Macrolides
Aminoglycosides
Lincosamide
Tetracycline

51
Q

B cell disorders

A

Recurrent pyogenic infection

  1. Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia
  2. selective IgA deficiency
  3. Common variable immunodeficiency
52
Q

T cell disorders

A

Recurrent fungal, viral, protozoan infection

  1. Di George syndrome
  2. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
53
Q

Di George: CATCH 22

A 
Cardiac defect (TOF)
Abnormal facies
Thymic aplasia
Cleft palate
Hypocalcemia
Chromosome 22 q 11.2
54
Q

Combined B and T cell deficiency

A

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID): ADA–> accumulation of adenosine

Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome

Ataxia-telangiectasia

55
Q

Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome

how do you TIE a WASP

A

Thrombocytopenia
Infection
Eczema
WASP gene mutation

56
Q

Ataxia-Telangiectasia

ATI

A

Ataxia
Telangiectasia
IgA deficiency

57
Q

Phagocytic Disorder

A
  1. Chronic granulomatous dse (Neutrophil: NADPH oxidase activity deficiency)
  2. Chediak-Higashi (phagolysosome fusion failure)
  3. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (impaired diapedesis, delayed separation of umbilical cord)
58
Q

Complement disorder

A 
C2 deficiency (MCC): septicemia, SLE
C3 deficiency: recurrent pyogenic infection
C5-C9: MAC

Microbiology (10 decks)

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