Generalities

Question 0

Creutzfield-Jacob, kuru, BSE

Answer 0

Prion

Spongiform encephalopathy

Question 1

Jumping genes

Answer 1

Transposons

Question 2

Outer membranes:
Diatom
Plants and algae
Fungi
Bacteria

Answer 2

Silica
Cellulose
Chitin
Peptidoglycan

Question 3

Bacteria: smallest, no cell wall

Answer 3

Mycoplasma

Question 4

Bacteria:largest

Dse

Answer 4

Borrelia burgdorferi

Lime dse

Question 5

Only gram positive organism with LPS (endotoxin)

Answer 5

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 6

Not seen in gram staining

These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color

Answer 6

Treponema (dark field microscopy)
Rickettsia (Giemsa stain)
Mycobacterium (Acid Fast Stain)
Mycoplasma (serology)
Legionella (silver stain)
Chlamydia (inclusion bodies/tissue staining)

Question 7

Only bacteria with capsule made of polypeptide (D-glutamate)

Answer 7

Bacillus anthracis

Question 8

Spore forming bacteria

Answer 8

Bacillus

Clostridium

Question 9

Both antibacterial and B-lactamase inhibitor

Answer 9

Nafcillin
Cloxacillin
Methicillin

Question 10

Byproducts of aerobic metabolism

Answer 10

H2O2, superoxides

Superoxide desmutase, catalase, peroxidase

Question 11

Obligate aerobes

Nosy and Nagging Pests Must Breath Lots of oxygen

Answer 11

Nocardia
Neisseria 
Pseudomonas
Mycobacteria/Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Bordetella/Brucella/B. cereus
Leptospira/Legionella

Question 12

Obligate anaerobes

ABC

Answer 12

Actinomyces
Bacteroides
Clostridium

Question 13

Example of programmed rearrangement

Answer 13

Relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis)

Question 14

DNA transfer with the use of vector

Answer 14

Transduction

Question 15

Example of transduction (lysogenic)

Answer 15

Erythrogenic toxin of strep pyogenes (scarlet fever)

Question 16

Bacteria with IgA protease

SHiNe My Gong

Answer 16

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenza
Neisseria Meningitidis
neisseria Gonorrhea

Question 17

Source of toxoid vaccine

Answer 17

Exotoxin

Question 18

Only heat stable exotoxin

Answer 18

Staphylococcal enterotoxin

Question 19

Typical dse
Exotoxins
Endotoxin

Answer 19

Tetanus, botulism /

Meningococcemia

Question 20

Toxic component of LPS

Answer 20

Lipid A

Question 21

CM: gram positive cocci

Answer 21

Blood agar

Question 22

CM: enteric gram negative rods

*lactose fermenters vs. non-fermenters

Answer 22

McConkey

Eosin methylene blue (EMB)

Question 23

CM: enteric gram negative rods

* H2S producers vs non- producers

Answer 23

Triple sugar iron (TSI)

Question 24

CM: clostridium perfringens

Answer 24

Egg yolk

Question 25

CM: corynebacterium diphtheriae

Answer 25

Tellurite

Question 26

CM: group D strep

Answer 26

Bile esculin

Question 27

CM: staphylococci

Answer 27

Mannitol salt

Question 28

CM: neisseria meningitidis and neisseria gonorrhea

Answer 28

Chocolate agar

Question 29

CM: N. gonorrhea

Answer 29

Thayer-Martin (vancomycin, cholecystin, nystatin)

Question 30

CM: H. Influenzae

Answer 30

Chocolate + factor X and V

Question 31

CM: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 31

Lowenstein Jensen

Question 32

CM: Vibrio cholerae

Answer 32

TCBS

Question 33

CM: Bordetella pertussis

Answer 33

Bordet-gengou

Question 34

CM: Legionella pneumophila

Answer 34

Charcoal yeast extract

Question 35

CM: campylobacter, helicobacter

Answer 35

Skirrows

Question 36

CM: Borrelia burgdorferi

Answer 36

BSK

Question 37

CM: mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 37

Eaton

Question 38

CM: pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 38

Cetrimide

Question 39

CM: salmonella, shigella

Answer 39

XLD

Question 40

CM: Leptospira interogans

Answer 40

EMJH/Fletcher's

Question 41

Antibiotics CI in neonates

Answer 41

Chloramphenicol | Sulfonamide

Question 42

Antibiotic: cut off >18yo

Answer 42

Quinolones | Tetracyclines

Question 43

CI antibiotics in elderly

Answer 43

Isoniazid (hepatotoxic) | Aminoglycosides (Nephrotoxic)

Question 44

Pregnancy: cat b to c

Answer 44

Penicillin B-lactams Erythromycin

Question 45

Pregnancy: cat D to X

Answer 45

``` Metronidazole and Tetarcillin Rifampicin and TMP Tetrecyclin Aminoglycoside Isoniazid ```

Question 46

Most hepatotoxic antibiotics

Answer 46

Erythromycin Chloramphenicol Lyncomycin Clindamycin

Question 47

Crosses BBB without inflammation

Answer 47

Sulfonamide Chloramphenicol Metronidazole Rifampicin Isoniazid Fluconazole

Question 48

Crosses BBB with inflammation

Answer 48

PCN 3rd gen Ceph Imipenem, Meropenem, aztreonam Ciprofloxacin, vancomycin

Question 49

Chloramphenicol: bacteriocidal in

Answer 49

N. meningitidis Bacteroides fragilis H. Influenzae Strep pneumoniae

Question 50

Not good BBB penetration

Answer 50

Macrolides Aminoglycosides Lincosamide Tetracycline

Question 51

B cell disorders

Answer 51

Recurrent pyogenic infection 1. Bruton's agammaglobulinemia 2. selective IgA deficiency 3. Common variable immunodeficiency

Question 52

T cell disorders

Answer 52

Recurrent fungal, viral, protozoan infection 1. Di George syndrome 2. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

Question 53

Di George: CATCH 22

Answer 53

``` Cardiac defect (TOF) Abnormal facies Thymic aplasia Cleft palate Hypocalcemia Chromosome 22 q 11.2 ```

Question 54

Combined B and T cell deficiency

Answer 54

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID): ADA--> accumulation of adenosine Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome Ataxia-telangiectasia

Question 55

Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome how do you TIE a WASP

Answer 55

Thrombocytopenia Infection Eczema WASP gene mutation

Question 56

Ataxia-Telangiectasia ATI

Answer 56

Ataxia Telangiectasia IgA deficiency

Question 57

Phagocytic Disorder

Answer 57

1. Chronic granulomatous dse (Neutrophil: NADPH oxidase activity deficiency) 2. Chediak-Higashi (phagolysosome fusion failure) 3. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (impaired diapedesis, delayed separation of umbilical cord)

Question 58

Complement disorder

Answer 58

``` C2 deficiency (MCC): septicemia, SLE C3 deficiency: recurrent pyogenic infection C5-C9: MAC ```