Gram Positive Bacteria Flashcards
Catalase positive, cougulase negative, novo biotin sensitive
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Catalase positive, coagulase positive
Staphylococcus aureus
Catalase positive, coagulase negative, novobiocin resistant
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Most common cause of acute endocarditis in native valve
IV drug user
Staph aureus
Toxins:
SSS (Ritter’s dse)/ TSS
Exfoliatin/TSST1
*TSS- no site of pyogenic infection
Strawberry tongue seen in
TSS
Scarlet fever
Kawasaki dse
DOC for MSSA vs MRSA vs VRSA
Nafcillin, Oxacillin, dicloxacillin /
Vancomycin /
Linezolid
Cephalosporins not effective against
MRSA
Enterococci
Listeria monocytogenes
MCC of prosthetic valve endocarditis and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection
Staphylococcus epidermidis (glycocalyx forming biofilm)
DOC for Staph epidermidis
Vancomycin
Second most common cause of UTI in sexually active women/ DOC
Staph saprophyticus
TMP-SMX, quinolones
Catalase neg, alpha hemolytic, bile-optochin- sensitive
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Catalase neg, alpha hemolytic, bile-optochin-resistant
viridans Streptococcus
Catalase neg, beta hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive
Streptococcus pyogenes
Catalase neg, beta hemolytic, bacitracin resistant
Streptococcus agalactiae
Catalase neg, gamma hemolytic
Group D Streptococcus
PYR test positive
Strep pyogenes
Group D strep
Toxins: toxic shock (strep)/necrotizing fasciitis
Pyogenic exotoxin A/ exotoxin B
Skin infection caused by strep pyogenes
NICE
Necrotizing fasciitis
Impetigo contamgiosa
Cellulitis
Erysipelas
JONES criteria for RH
Joints (migratory polyarthritis) Oh my heart (pancarditis) Nodules Erythema marginatum Sydenham chorea
DOC for strep pyogenes
Pen G
MCC neonatal sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis
Strep agalactiae
Screening for GBS/chemoprophylaxis/DOC
35-37th week AOG/ Pen G or Ampicillin 4hrs prior to delivery/ PenG +/- aminoglycoside
Etiology endocarditis (post GI surg) / Marantic endocarditis ( colorectal CA, pancreatic CA)
E. faecalis/ S. bovis
Positive Quellung reaction (post capsular swelling)
Some Killers Have Pretty Nice and Shiny Bodies
Strep pneumoniae Klebsiella Haemophilus influenza Pseudomonas aeruginosa Neisseria gonorrhea Salmonella typhi B group strep
MCC: CAP, adult meningitis
Prevention
Strep pneumoniae
Polysaccharide vaccine, conjugated vaccine (+diphtheria toxoid)
Etiology: dental caries/ subacute native heart valve endocarditis / brain abscess
S. mutans/ S. sanguis/ S. intermedius
Motility:
Tumbling/swarming/shooting star/ falling leaf
Listeria monocytogenes/ Proteus mirabilis/ Vibrio cholera/ Gardia lambda
Aerobic, non-motile, box car shaped, medusa head
Wool sorters dse
EF LF PA
B. anthracis
Aerobic, motile, reheated fried rice
B. cereus
Anaerobic, tennis racket like
Clostridium tetani
Anaerobic, bulging cans
Clostridium botulinum
Anaerobic, lecithinase, gas forming, gas gangrene
Clostridium perfringens
Anaerobic, pseudomembranes
Clostridium difficile
No spore forming, aerobic, non motile, curved, Chinese character, metachromatic granules
Pseudomembranous pharyngitis
Corynebacterium diphtheria
Non-spore forming, aerobic, curved, tumbling motility, cold enhancement, unpasteurized milk products
Listeria monocytogenes
MCC death:pulmonary hemorrhage
Inhalational anthrax
Congenital syphilis
Weil’s syndrome
DOC for B. anthracis
Ciprofloxacin +/- rifampicin, vancomycin, PCN, imipenem, clindamycin, clarithromycin
Spastic vs flaccid paralysis
C. Tetani vs. C. Botulinum
Triad of botulism
Symmetric descending flaccid paralysis with diplopia, dysphonia, dysarthria, dysphagia
Absence of fever
Intact sensorium
Etiology: Pseudomembranous enterocolitis
Clostridium difficile
Clindamycin, cephalosporin, ampicillin
DOC: metronidazole, vancomycin
Beta prophage encoded toxin
ABCDE
shigA-like toxin (EHEC) Botulinum toxin Cholera toxin Diphtheria toxin Erythrogenic toxin (S. pyogenes)