Parasitology PART I Flashcards
Leishmania is spread by the bite of:
A. mosquito
B. sandfly
C. tse tse fly
D. triatomine bug
B. sandfly
Which of the following best describes Protozoa?
a. microscopic, unicellular, organisms
b. lack photosynthetic capability
c. motile at some stage in their life
d. reproduce most often by asexual fission
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
Protozoa, “animal-like” organisms are primarily classified by:
a. means of locomotion
b. means of your mom
c. none of the above
a. means of locomotion
The Subphylum Mastigophora include which of these flagellated protozoa?
a. Giardia lamblia
b. Leishmania species
c. Trichomonas vaginalis
d. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, gambiense, and cruzi
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
Subphylum Sarcodina move by means of pseudopodia. Which of the following is of this phylum and produces diseases in humans?
a.Leishmania species
b. Entamoeba histolitica
c. Trichomonas vaginalis
d. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
e. none of the above
b. Entamoeba histolitica
The phylum Ciliophora includes organisms that consists of cilia that covers organism; found near oral cavity & helps to propel food into the opening. An example of this type of organism is:
a. Entamoeba histolitica
b. Giardia lambia
c. Balantidium coli
d. Trypanosoma cruzi
e. none of the above
c. Balantidium coli
Phylum Apicomplexa (sporozoa) uses flagella and includes which of the following?
a. Plasmodium species (Malaria)
b. Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasmosis)
c. Cryptosporidium parvum (cryptosporidium)
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Phylum Microspora consists of organisms that use a polar filament for motility. An example of such a an organism is:
a. Entamoeba histolitica
b. Balantidium coli: causes ulcers in large intestines
c. Microsporidium (Diarrhea): intracellular protozoan infection of immune compromised individuals
d. all of the above
c. Microsporidium (Diarrhea): intracellular protozoan infection of immune compromised individuals
Which of these best describes the environment of the Protozoa?
a. majority of protozoa are free-living: found in marine, fresh water & terrestrial habitats
b. some are parasitic: hosts range from algae to humans
c. essential decomposers
d. require large amounts of moisture
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
Which of the following best describes the structure of a protozoa?
a. lack cell wall
b. lack photosynthetic chloroplasts
c. have specialized structures for movement (cilia, flagella, pseudopodia, or polar filaments)
d. readily diffuse food, water, & O2 through pinocytosis or phagocytosis
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
In regards to reproduction, protozoa:
a. require more than one host, are polymorphic, can exist as trophozoite (vegetative/feeding form) or as cyst (resting/ lack nutrients)
b. require no more than one host, are polymorphic, can exist as trophozoite (vegetative/feeding form) or as cyst (resting/ lack nutrients)
c. require more than one host, are not polymorphic, can exist as trophozoite (vegetative/feeding form) or as cyst (resting/ lack nutrients)
a. require more than one host, are polymorphic, can exist as trophozoite (vegetative/feeding form) or as cyst (resting/ lack nutrients)
Protozoa can reproduce through:
a. Binary fission
b. Mutiple fissions (Schizogony)
c. none of the above
d. both a & b
d. both a & b
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (L. tropica and L. mexicana) can be found in central south america. Which of the following can best describe this disease?
a. skin ulcer develops at site of bite due to skin destruction following
activation of intact Cell-Mediated Immunity (ulcer takes about a year to
heal)
b.Initial dermal ulceration heals. However, ulcers
appear in the mucous membranes of the nose and
mouth that may erode the nasal septum, soft palate and lips if left
untreated
c. Fever, anorexia, weight loss, & abdominal swelling (from enlargement of
the liver (hepatomegaly) and spleen (splenomegaly) due to invasion of
fixed reticuloendothelial cells (fixed phagocytic cells) of these organs
a. skin ulcer develops at site of bite due to skin destruction following
activation of intact Cell-Mediated Immunity (ulcer takes about a year to
heal)
Which of the following best describes Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (L. braziliensis) ?
a. skin ulcer develops at site of bite due to skin destruction following activation of intact Cell-Mediated Immunity (ulcer takes about a year to
heal)
b.Initial dermal ulceration heals. However, ulcers appear in the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth that may erode the nasal septum, soft palate and lips if left untreated
c. Fever, anorexia, weight loss, & abdominal swelling (from enlargement of
the liver (hepatomegaly) and spleen (splenomegaly) due to invasion of
fixed reticuloendothelial cells (fixed phagocytic cells) of these organs
b.Initial dermal ulceration heals. However, ulcers appear in the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth that may erode the nasal septum, soft palate and lips if left untreated
Which of the following best describes Visceral Leishmaniasis-Kala-azar (L.donovai) ?
a. skin ulcer develops at site of bite due to skin destruction following
activation of intact Cell-Mediated Immunity (ulcer takes about a year to
heal)
b.Initial dermal ulceration heals. However, ulcers
appear in the mucous membranes of the nose and
mouth that may erode the nasal septum, soft palate and lips if left
untreated
c. Fever, anorexia, weight loss, & abdominal swelling (from enlargement of
the liver (hepatomegaly) and spleen (splenomegaly) due to invasion of
fixed reticuloendothelial cells (fixed phagocytic cells) of these organs
c. Fever, anorexia, weight loss, & abdominal swelling (from enlargement of
the liver (hepatomegaly) and spleen (splenomegaly) due to invasion of
fixed reticuloendothelial cells (fixed phagocytic cells) of these organs
African sleeping sickness is caused by the bite of:
a. tsetse fly
b. mosquito
c. sandfly
d. triatomine bug
a. tsetse fly
You were just bit by a tse tse fly. You are worried it might transmit:
a. Borrelia burgdorferi
b. Trypanosoma brucei
c. Trypanosoma cruzi
d. Toxoplasma gondii
b. Trypanosoma brucei
Following bite, the trypomastigote (flagellated motile form)
spreads via the bloodstream to the lymph nodes and CNS. Initial painful skin ulcer heals w/n two weeks followed by fever,
headache, dizziness, and lymph node swelling that takes
place due to systemic spread. The CNS symptoms are: daytime drowsiness, slurred speech, problems walking, coma, & death. This disease is:
a. african sleeping sickness
b. chagas’ disease
c. malaria
d. toxoplasmosis
a. african sleeping sickness
There are two forms of african sleeping sickness. Which one is more severe?
a. west african sleeping sickness
b. east african sleeping sickness
c. south african sleeping sickness
d. north african sleeping sickness
b. east african sleeping sickness
You were just bit by a triatomine bug. You are worried you might contract:
a. Borrelia burgdorferi
b. Trypanosoma brucei
c. Trypanosoma cruzi
d. Toxoplasma gondii
c. Trypanosoma cruzi
Trypomastigotes tunnel into the human
host, transform into amastigote which
invades skin, macrophages, lymph nodes, and spread in the
blood to distant organs. A hard, red area develops at site of entry followed by
systemic spread with fever, malaise, and swollen lymph
nodes. Infected include the heart and CNS. This disease is:
a. african sleeping sickness
b. chagas’ disease
c. malaria
d. toxoplasmosis
b. chagas’ disease
T/F Chaga’s disease can occur in 3 phases.
T
Periodic episodes of high fever and shaking chills
(paroxysms), followed by periods of profuse sweating
(occurs when the red blood cells burst and release
merozoites). The described disease is:
a. african sleeping sickness
b. chagas’ disease
c. malaria
d. toxoplasmosis
c. malaria
Which of these is the most common and deadly malaria?
a. Tertian malaria
b. Quartan malaria
c. P. falciparum
d. none of the above
c. P. falciparum
This protozoa is transmitted via oocysts (cat feces) or bradyzoites (raw or undercooked meat):
a. Borrelia burgdorferi
b. Trypanosoma brucei
c. Trypanosoma cruzi
d. Toxoplasma gondii
d. Toxoplasma gondii
This trophozoite adheres to small intestinal wall via sucking disk and interferes
with fat absorption Non-bloody, foul-smelling
diarrhea with nausea, anorexia, flatulence, and
abdominal cramps:
a. Giardia lambia
b. Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis
c. Entamoeba histolytica
d. none of the above
a. Giardia lambia
This protozoa is transmitted through the ingestion of cyst in fecally
contaminated food and water, contaminated
streams (chlorination doesn’t kill cysts; boiling
and filtration works), day-care centers, mental
hospitals:
a. Giardia lambia
b. Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis
c. Entamoeba histolytica
d. none of the above
a. Giardia lambia
This protozoa is transmitted via ingestion of oocysts in
fecally contaminated water
(agricultural runoff – zoonosis). Its symptoms include: mild diarrhea and is known to cause chronic watery diarrhea in immune compromised individuals (AIDS patients).
a. Giardia lambia
b. Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis
c. Entamoeba histolytica
d. none of the above
b. Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis
This protozoa invades the intestinal mucosa (tissue) causing erosions. The main symptom is diarrhea ranging from mild asymptomatic disease to severe dysentery. It may also penetrate portal blood circulation forming abscesses in the liver & lung resulting in death.
a. Giardia lambia
b. Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis
c. Entamoeba histolytica
d. none of the above
c. Entamoeba histolytica
This sexually transmitted protozoa is transmitted via trophozoite and heavy infections in women often result in: itching (pruritus), burning urination, white frothy, malodorous discharge from genital tract in women.
a. Trichomoniasis
b. Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis
c. Entamoeba histolytica
d. Naegleria fowleri
e. none of the above
a. Trichomoniasis
This free-living amoeba is found in fresh water (lakes), soil, unmaintained heated swimming pools, aquariums, & sewage. It enters the body through the nose then travels to the brain and spinal cord where it destroys the brain tissue.
a. Trichomoniasis
b. Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis
c. Entamoeba histolytica
d. Naegleria fowleri
e. none of the above
d. Naegleria fowleri
This free-living amoeba lives in fresh eater lakes, soil, air, and drinking water systems. This amoeba causes a local infection of the eye that typically
occurs in healthy persons and can result in permanent visual
impairment or blindness.
a. Acanthamoeba keratitis
b. Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE)
c. Disseminated infection
d. none of the above.
a. Acanthamoeba keratitis
This free-living amoeba lives in fresh water lakes, soil, air, and drinking water systems. This amoeba causes a serious infection
of the brain and spinal cord that typically occurs in persons with a
compromised immune system.
a. Acanthamoeba keratitis
b. Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE)
c. Disseminated infection
d. none of the above.
b. Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE)
This free-living amoeba lives in fresh eater lakes, soil, air, and drinking water systems. This amoeba can cause a widespread infection that can affect
the skin, sinuses, lungs, and other organs independently or in combination. It is also more common in persons with a compromised immune system.
a. Acanthamoeba keratitis
b. Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE)
c. Disseminated infection
d. none of the above.
c. Disseminated infection
Humans can acquire this amoeba from swimming in contaminated water, HVAC systems, shower heads, & tap water.
a. Dysentamoeba
b. Swiftantamoeba
c. Acanthamoeba
d. None of the above
c. Acanthamoeba
A mechanical vector:
a. Involves mechanically transporting a
microbe from one place to another (i.e.
a microbe carried on a fly’s legs)
b. Pathogen can multiply within the vector (i.e., growth of Leishmania and
Plasmodium inside sand fly and Anopheles sp. mosquito, respectively)
Pediculans humanus
Sarcoptes scabiei
c. your mom
d. none of the above
a. Involves mechanically transporting a
microbe from one place to another (i.e.
a microbe carried on a fly’s legs)
Mosquitos, arthropods, insert feeding tube through host’s skin; ingest blood; can pick up infectious agents, that are then transferred to subsequent hosts. The diseases that mosquitoes can cause are:
a. malaria
b. yellow fever
c. west nile encephalitis
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Fleas, arthropods, are wingless insects that pick up bacterium when biting infected hosts. The bacterium multiplies & blocks digestive tract. Fleas caused the spread of this bacteria better known as the plague.
a. Yersinia pestis
b.Borrelia burgdorferi
c. Trypanosoma cruzi
d. Toxoplasma gondii
a. Yersinia pestis
Lice (Pediculus humanus), arthropods are wingless insects that suck blood through skin and have appendages adapted for attachment. Lice can transmit which diseases?
a. trench fever
(Bartonella quintana)
b. epidemic typhus (Rickettsia
prowazekii)
c. relapsing fever
(Borrelia recurrentis)
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
d. all of the above
Ticks, arthropods, are arachnids that live in low vegetation and burrow into skin with mouthparts. The saliva of some ticks can cause paralysis. Ticks can cause which of these diseases?
a. Rocky
Mountain spotted fever (bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii)
b. Lyme disease (bacterium
Borrelia burgdorferi)
c. your mom
d. both a& b
d. both a& b
T/F Mites don’t transmit diseases but can trigger asthma
T
which of the following is most infectious and causes malaria?
a. Toxoplasma gondii
b. Plasmodium species
c. Cryptosporidium parvum
d. none of the above
b. Plasmodium species
Binary fission
DNA replication followed by division of 2 cells longitudinally (flagellates) or transversely (ciliates)
Multiple fissions (Schizogony)
multiple DNA divisions resulting in a cell with many single-celled infectious organisms
You were just bit by a sandfly . You are worried it might transmit:
a. Leishmania tropica
b. Borrelia burgdorferi
c. Trypanosoma cruzi
d. Toxoplasma gondii
a. Leishmania tropica
You were just bit by a mosquito. You are worried that it might transmit:
a. Toxoplasma gondii
b. Plasmodia falciparum
c. Borrelia burgdorferi
d. Trypanosoma brucei
b. Plasmodia falciparum
Your pregnant friend tells you she was cleaning cat litter the other day and you advise her to no longer do so because she might get:
a. Trypanosoma brucei
b. Borrelia burgdorferi
c. Trypanosoma cruzi
d. Toxoplasma gondii
d. Toxoplasma gondii
After bar hopping with your friends, you go home with some guy you met and have sexual intercouse. Some time later you notice severe itching, burning urination, and malodorous discharge. You go to the doctor and she says that she found highly motile trophozoites in your discharge. You have:
a. Trichomonas vaginalis
b. Naeeria fowleri
c. Entamoeba histolitica
d. all of the above
a. Trichomonas vaginalis
T/F head lice do not transmit disease
T
