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Microbiology > Immunology pt 3 > Flashcards

Immunology pt 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

The cell type responsible for Type I Hypersensitivity Immediate IgE-Mediated (allergic rxn), are B cells. The other blood cells involved are Basophils & mast cells. An example of such a reaction is anaphylactic shock, hay fever, & hives. Which of the following are the correct mediators:

A. Histamine, serotonin, leukotrienes
B. Complement, ADCC
C. Complement, neutrophil proteases
D. Cytokine
E. All of the above

A

A. Histamine, serotonin, leukotrienes

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2
Q

The cell type responsible for Type II Hypersensitivity Cytotoxic, are B cells. The other cells involved are: RBC, WBC, & platelets. An example of such a reaction is transfusion reaction, hemolytic disease of newborns. Which of the following are the correct mediators:

A. Histamine, serotonin, leukotrienes
B. Complement, ADCC
C. Complement, neutrophil proteases
D. Cytokine
E. All of the above

A

B. Complement, ADCC

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3
Q

The cell type responsible for Type III Hypersensitivity Immune Complex-Mediated, are B cells. An example of such a reaction is serum sickness, farmer’s lung, malarial kidney damage. Which of the following are the correct mediators:

A. Histamine, serotonin, leukotrienes
B. Complement, ADCC
C. Complement, neutrophil proteases
D. Cytokine
E. All of the above

A

C. Complement, neutrophil proteases

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4
Q

The cell type responsible for Type IV Hypersensitivity Delayed Cell-Mediated, are T cells. An example of such a reaction is Tuberculin reaction, contact dermatitis, tissue transplant reaction. Which of the following are the correct mediators:

A. Histamine, serotonin, leukotrienes
B. Complement, ADCC
C. Complement, neutrophil proteases
D. Cytokine
E. All of the above

A

D. Cytokine

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5
Q

Which of the following is true regarding Type I IgE-Mediated Hypersensitivity?

A. Ag induces cross-linking of IgE bound to mast cells & basophils w/release of vasoactive mediators

B. Ab directed against cell surface antigens mediates cell destruction via complement activation or ADCC

C. Ag-Ab complexes deposited in various tissues induce complement activation & an ensuing inflammatory response mediated by massive infiltration of neutrophils

D. Sensitized TH1 cells shown above release cytokines that activate macrophages or TC cells that mediate direct cellular damage. TH2 cells & CTLs mediate similar response

E. All of the above

A

A. Ag induces cross-linking of IgE bound to mast cells & basophils w/release of vasoactive mediators

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6
Q

Which of the following is true regarding Type II IgG- or IgM-Mediated Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity?

A. Ag induces cross-linking of IgE bound to mast cells & basophils w/release of vasoactive mediators

B. Ab directed against cell surface antigens mediates cell destruction via complement activation or ADCC

C. Ag-Ab complexes deposited in various tissues induce complement activation & an ensuing inflammatory response mediated by massive infiltration of neutrophils

D. Sensitized TH1 cells shown above release cytokines that activate macrophages or TC cells that mediate direct cellular damage. TH2 cells & CTLs mediate similar response

E. All of the above

A

B. Ab directed against cell surface antigens mediates cell destruction via complement activation or ADCC

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7
Q

Which of the following is true regarding Type III Immune Complex-Mediated Hypersensitivity?

A. Ag induces cross-linking of IgE bound to mast cells & basophils w/release of vasoactive mediators

B. Ab directed against cell surface antigens mediates cell destruction via complement activation or ADCC

C. Ag-Ab complexes deposited in various tissues induce complement activation & an ensuing inflammatory response mediated by massive infiltration of neutrophils

D. Sensitized TH1 cells shown above release cytokines that activate macrophages or TC cells that mediate direct cellular damage. TH2 cells & CTLs mediate similar response

E. All of the above

A

C. Ag-Ab complexes deposited in various tissues induce complement activation & an ensuing inflammatory response mediated by massive infiltration of neutrophils

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8
Q

Which of the following is true regarding Type IV Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity?

A. Ag induces cross-linking of IgE bound to mast cells & basophils w/release of vasoactive mediators

B. Ab directed against cell surface antigens mediates cell destruction via complement activation or ADCC

C. Ag-Ab complexes deposited in various tissues induce complement activation & an ensuing inflammatory response mediated by massive infiltration of neutrophils

D. Sensitized TH1 cells shown above release cytokines that activate macrophages or TC cells that mediate direct cellular damage. TH2 cells & CTLs mediate similar response

E. All of the above

A

D. Sensitized TH1 cells shown above release cytokines that activate macrophages or TC cells that mediate direct cellular damage. TH2 cells & CTLs mediate similar response

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9
Q

Which of the following is true regarding Type I IgE-Mediated Hypersensitivity?

A. It is characterized by immediate reaction of the sensitized individual. Such sensitization occurs when antigen makes contact with some part of the body & induces response

B. Complement-fixing antibodies react with
cell surface antigens causing cell injury or
death. The death of such cells can also be caused by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)

C. Immune complexes
consist of antigen and
antibody bound together. They usually adhere to Fc
receptors on cells and are commonly deposited in skin, joints, & kidney

D. T cells are responsible for reactions. Such reactions can occur nearly anywhere in the body and are responsible for contact dermatitis, tissue damage, rejection of tissue grafts & some autoimmune diseases

E. All of the above

A

A. It is characterized by immediate reaction of the sensitized individual. Such sensitization occurs when antigen makes contact with some part of the body & induces response

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10
Q

Which of the following is true regarding Type II IgG- or IgM-Mediated Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity?

A. It is characterized by immediate reaction of the sensitized individual. Such sensitization occurs when antigen makes contact with some part of the body & induces response

B. Complement-fixing antibodies react with
cell surface antigens causing cell injury or
death. The death of such cells can also be caused by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)

C. Immune complexes
consist of antigen and
antibody bound together. They usually adhere to Fc
receptors on cells and are commonly deposited in skin, joints, & kidney

D. T cells are responsible for reactions. Such reactions can occur nearly anywhere in the body and are responsible for contact dermatitis, tissue damage, rejection of tissue grafts & some autoimmune diseases

E. All of the above

A

B. Complement-fixing antibodies react with
cell surface antigens causing cell injury or
death. The death of such cells can also be caused by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)

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11
Q

Which of the following is true regarding Type III Immune Complex-Mediated Hypersensitivity?

A. It is characterized by immediate reaction of the sensitized individual. Such sensitization occurs when antigen makes contact with some part of the body & induces response

B. Complement-fixing antibodies react with
cell surface antigens causing cell injury or
death. The death of such cells can also be caused by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)

C. Immune complexes
consist of antigen and
antibody bound together. They usually adhere to Fc
receptors on cells and are commonly deposited in skin, joints, & kidney

D. T cells are responsible for reactions. Such reactions can occur nearly anywhere in the body and are responsible for contact dermatitis, tissue damage, rejection of tissue grafts & some autoimmune diseases

E. All of the above

A

C. Immune complexes
consist of antigen and
antibody bound together. They usually adhere to Fc
receptors on cells and are commonly deposited in skin, joints, & kidney

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12
Q

Which of the following is true regarding Type IV Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity?

A. It is characterized by immediate reaction of the sensitized individual. Such sensitization occurs when antigen makes contact with some part of the body & induces response

B. Complement-fixing antibodies react with
cell surface antigens causing cell injury or
death. The death of such cells can also be caused by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)

C. Immune complexes
consist of antigen and
antibody bound together. They usually adhere to Fc
receptors on cells and are commonly deposited in skin, joints, & kidney

D. T cells are responsible for reactions. Such reactions can occur nearly anywhere in the body and are responsible for contact dermatitis, tissue damage, rejection of tissue grafts & some autoimmune diseases

E. All of the above

A

D. T cells are responsible for reactions. Such reactions can occur nearly anywhere in the body and are responsible for contact dermatitis, tissue damage, rejection of tissue grafts & some autoimmune diseases

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13
Q

Which of the following is true regarding transfusion reactions?

A. Normal red blood cells have different surface antigens. Type A have a(antigen)-B and Ab; B have a(antigen)-A and Ab; O have a-A and a-B Abs(antibodies), AB have neither; Thus, type A recognize B as foreign etc.

B. Transfused blood that is antigenically different can be lysed by recipient immune cells

C.Cross-matching blood is used to ensure compatibility between donor and recipient

D. IgM antibodies cause these type of rxns

E. Symptoms include low blood pressure, pain, nausea,
and vomiting

F. All of the above

A

F. All of the above

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14
Q

Which pf the following is true regarding Hemolytic disease of newborn?

A. Basis of disease is incompatibility of Rh factor between mother and child. Rh factor RBC cell surface antigen (Rh + = Rh antigen present; Rh - = Rh antigen missing)

B. Anti-Rh antibodies form in Rh negative mother pregnant upon
delivery of Rh positive newborn (mixing of blood)

C. First Rh positive fetus unharmed; Second Rh positive fetus provokes strong secondary immune
response (hemolytic disease of the newborn or Rh disease)

D. In disease, IgG antibodies of secondary response cross placenta causing
extensive damage to fetal red blood cells

E. The administration of anti-Rh antibodies to the
mother w/n 72 hours of birth to block sensitization phase prevents this disease
(Rhogam – preparation of anti-Rh antibodies)

F. All of the above

A

F. All of the above

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15
Q

Serum Sickness is an immune complex disease caused by passive immunization where an antibody-containing serum from a horse or other animal is injected into humans to prevent or treat a disease. The symptoms include: Fever, weakness, generalized vasculitis (rashes)
with edema, inflammation of the blood vessels,
arthritis and sometimes glomerulonephritis. Which type of sensitivity is this?

A. Type I Hypersensitivities:
Immediate IgE-Mediated

B.Type II Hypersensitivities:
Cytotoxic

C. Type III Hypersensitivities:
Immune Complex-Mediated

D. Type IV Hypersensitivities:
Delayed Cell-Mediated

E. All of the above

A

C. Type III Hypersensitivities:
Immune Complex-Mediated

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16
Q

Tuberculin skin test involves the introduction of small quantities of protein
antigens from tubercle bacillus into skin. In a positive skin test, the injection site reddens and gradually thickens. This test is mediated by T cells that release cytokines. The cytokines initiate inflammation that attracts macrophages ( they release mediators to add to inflammation). The Tuberculin skin test is an example of which type of sensitivity?

A. Type I Hypersensitivities:
Immediate IgE-Mediated

B.Type II Hypersensitivities:
Cytotoxic

C. Type III Hypersensitivities:
Immune Complex-Mediated

D. Type IV Hypersensitivities:
Delayed Cell-Mediated

E. All of the above

A

D. Type IV Hypersensitivities:
Delayed Cell-Mediated

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17
Q

T/F In a Type IV Hypersensitivities:
Delayed Cell-Mediated, A prolonged DTH (Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity) response can lead to the
formation of a granuloma

A

True

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18
Q

In contact dermatitis, Small molecules (poison oak
[pentadecacatechol compound],poison ivy, nickel, various cosmetics and hair dyes, etc.)complex with skin proteins which are then internalized by
APCs (antigen-presenting cells) in the skin (Langerhans cells), processed, and then
presented together with class MHC II molecules, causing activation of sensitized Th1 cells. Which type of sensitivity is this?

A. Type I Hypersensitivities:
Immediate IgE-Mediated

B.Type II Hypersensitivities:
Cytotoxic

C. Type III Hypersensitivities:
Immune Complex-Mediated

D. Type IV Hypersensitivities:
Delayed Cell-Mediated

E. All of the above

A

D. Type IV Hypersensitivities:
Delayed Cell-Mediated

19
Q

Which of the following is NOT true regarding Autoimmune diseases?

A. Body usually recognizes self antigens and destroy cells that would destroy self

B. May result from reactions to antigens that are similar to MHC self antigens

C. Autoimmunity may occur after tissue injury (self antigens released from injured organ; autobodies form & interact w/injured tissues)

D. Reactions do not occur over a spectrum

E. All of the above are true

A

D. Reactions do not occur over a spectrum

20
Q

Which of the following are examples of an autoimmune disease with a widespread response?

A. Lupus
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Myasthenia gravis
D. All of the above

A

D.All of the above

21
Q

Which of the following is true regarding Lupus?

A. Autoantibodies made against nuclear constituents of all body
cells

B. Immune response made against collagen in connective tissue

C. Autoantibody-mediated disease (Autoantibody to acetylcholine receptor proteins)

D. All of the above

A

A. Autoantibodies made against nuclear constituents of all body
cells

22
Q

Which of the following is true regarding Myasthenia gravis?

A. Autoantibodies made against nuclear constituents of all body
cells

B. Immune response made against collagen in connective tissue

C. Autoantibody-mediated disease (Autoantibody to acetylcholine receptor proteins)

D. All of the above

A

C. Autoantibody-mediated disease (Autoantibody to acetylcholine receptor proteins)

23
Q

Which of the following is true regarding Rheumatoid arthritis?

A. Autoantibodies made against nuclear constituents of all body
cells

B. Immune response made against collagen in connective tissue

C. Autoantibody-mediated disease (Autoantibody to acetylcholine receptor proteins)

D. All of the above

A

B. Immune response made against collagen in connective tissue

24
Q

T/F: Immunodeficiency disorders are marked
by the body’s inability to make and sustain
an adequate immune response

A

True

25
Q

T/F: A Secondary Immunodeficiency disorder can be acquired as a result of infection or other stressor

A

True

25
Q

Which of the following is NOT a primary immunodeficiency disorders?

A. Agammaglobulinemia
B. Severe combined immunodeficiency disorder (SCID)
C. Selective IgA deficiency
D. AIDS
E. All of the above are primary immunodeficiency disorders

A

D. AIDS

26
Q

Which of the following correctly describes Agammaglobulinemia?

A. Few or no antibodies produced; occurs in 1 in 50,000 ppl

B. Neither B nor T lymphocytes are functional; Occurs in 1 in 500,000 live births

C. Little or no IgA produced; Most common disorder; One in 333 to 700 people

D. None of the above

A

A. Few or no antibodies produced; occurs in 1 in 50,000 ppl

27
Q

Which of the following correctly describes Severe combined immunodeficiency disorder (SCID)?

A. Few or no antibodies produced; occurs in 1 in 50,000 ppl

B. Neither B nor T lymphocytes are functional; Occurs in 1 in 500,000 live births

C. Little or no IgA produced; Most common disorder; One in 333 to 700 people

D. None of the above

A

B. Neither B nor T lymphocytes are functional; Occurs in 1 in 500,000 live births

28
Q

Which of the following correctly describes Selective IgA deficiency?

A. Few or no antibodies produced; occurs in 1 in 50,000 ppl

B. Neither B nor T lymphocytes are functional; Occurs in 1 in 500,000 live births

C. Little or no IgA produced; Most common disorder; One in 333 to 700 people

D. None of the above

A

C. Little or no IgA produced; Most common disorder; One in 333 to 700 people

29
Q

Which of the following is true regarding secondary immunodeficiencies?

A. Result from environmental, rather than genetic factors

B. Often result from depletion of certain cells of the immune system

C.Most serious widespread immunodeficiency is AIDS

D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

30
Q

Active immunity:

A. Results from immune response upon exposure to an antigen

B. Active immunity can develop naturally following illness

C. Can develop artificially after immunization

D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

31
Q

Passive Immunity:

A. Artificial passive immunity involves
transfer of antibodies produced by another person or animal

B. Can be used to prevent disease
before or after likely exposure

C. Occurs naturally during pregnancy (IgG from mother crosses placenta; Infers protection to the baby)

D. Occurs naturally as result of breast feeding (IgA antibodies in breast milk given to child)

E. All of the above

A

E. All of the above

32
Q

Attenuated vaccines:

A. Weakened form of pathogen (Generally unable to cause disease)

B. Strain replicates in vaccine recipient

C. Causes infection with undetectable or mild
symptoms

D. Results in long lasting immunity

E. All of the above

A

E. All of the above

33
Q

Attenuated vaccines usually only require a single dose to induce long-lasting immunity. The attenuated vaccines in use are:

A. Sabin polio vaccine
B. MMR
C. Yellow fever
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

34
Q

Inactivated vaccines:

A. Unable to replicate in vaccinated individual
B. Retains immunogenicity of infectious agent
C. Inactivated vaccines fall into two categories: Whole agents & Fragments
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

35
Q

In inactivated vaccines, which of the following are true regarding whole agents?

A. Contain killed organisms of inactivated microbe
B. Does not change epitopes
C. Influenza and Salk polio are whole agents
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

36
Q

In inactivated vaccines, which of the following are true regarding fragments?

A. Portions of organisms or agents including toxins, proteins and
cell wall components

B. Includes toxoids, protein subunit vaccines and polysaccharide
vaccines

C. All of the above

A

C. All of the above

37
Q

Which of the following is true regarding agglutination reactions?

A. Large insoluble particles are involved
B. Obvious aggregations are formed
C. In direct agglutination, Specific antibody mixed with insoluble antigen. It’s readily visible clumping indication of positive result

D. In Indirect agglutination, Amplifies aggregation formation; Antibody attached to latex bead; Agglutination of these beads much easier to see

E. All of the above

A

E. All of the above

38
Q

Which of the following are tests used to detect the presence of given antigens?

A. Fluorescent Antibody (FA) test
B. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA)
C. Western blotting
D. Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS)
E. All of the above

A

E. All of the above

39
Q

Which of the following is true regarding Enzyme-Linked
Immunosorbant Assay
“ELISA”?

A. Employs antibody that has
been labeled with detectable
enzyme (Commonly horseradish
peroxidase)

B. Labeled antibody binds to
antigen (Binding can be direct or indirect)

C. Antigen location is determined
using colorimetric assay

D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

40
Q

In Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay, Direct ELISA:

A. Looks for specific antigen
B. The specimen placed in wells of microtiter plate
C. The wells treated with antibody for antigen
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

41
Q

In Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay, indirect ELISA:

A. Looks for antibody in patient serum
B. Involves Human IgG
C. The wells of plate treated with known antigen
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

42
Q

Which of the following is true regarding Western blotting?

A. Technique used to detect
antigenic proteins

B. Proteins are separated by
size before reacting with
antibody

C. Proteins separated by special gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE)

D. Makes it possible to
establish which proteins are
recognized by antibodies

E. All of the above

A

E. All of the above

43
Q

Which of the following is true regarding Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS)?

A. Special version of flow cytometry counts cells labeled
with fluorescent antibodies

B. Used to count subsets of T cells (CD4 and CD8 cells especially)

C. Antibodies are attached to the CD4 and CD8 markers

D. Cells with fluorescently labeled markers are counted

E. All of the above

A

E. All of the above

Microbiology (10 decks)

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