Parasitology Midterm Flashcards
Mesocestoides Anoplocephala perfoliata Moniezia Diphyllobothrium Spirometra fluke stages Fasciola hepatica Fascioloides magna Paramphistomum Dicrocoelium Schistosome stages (don't memorize schistosome species!) Heterobilharzia Nanophyetus Paragonimus Alaria Acanthocephalan stages Macracanthorhynchus
What are the DH of Mesocestoides corti?
dogs, cats, wild carnivores
What are the 1st and 2nd IH of Mesocestoides corti?
1st - insects or mites (cysticercus)
2nd - mammals and reptiiles
What happens when 2nd IH gets infected with mesocestoides corti?
tetrathyridia in lungs –>pleural effusion
What is the IH of Anoplocephela perfoliata?
forage (orbatid) mites or soil
Where are A. perfoliata found in the horse?
cecum and ileocecal valve
What does A. perfoliata increase the risk of in the horse GI ?
intussecption of the ileum into the cecum
How is A. perfoliata diagnosed?
ELISA or PCR (can not see eggs in feces!)
What is characteristic of both Anoplecephala and Moniezia eggs?
triangle/square shape with pyriform apparatus
What is the DH and IH of Moniezia?
DH - ruminants
IH - soil or orbatid mites
What is the DH of Spirometra mansonoides?
bobcat, cats, dogs, raccoon
What is the 1st and 2nd IH of S. mansonoides?
1 - copepods (procercoids)
2 - vertebrates except fishes (plerocercoids(spargana))
What can S. mansonoides cause in humans?
“sparganosis” - SQ tissue
What are the DH of Diphyloobrothrium latum?
DH - humans and fish eating mammals
What are the 1st and 2nd IH of D. latum?
1st - copepod (procercoids)
2nd - freshwater fish
What are the CS of D. latum?
megaloblastic anemia (takes vit B12)
What stage of Pseudophyllidea (Spirometra and Diphyllobothrium) comes out of the egg?
coracidium
What are monogeneans?
trematode ectoparasites of cold blooded vertebrates with a direct lifecycle
What are the different life stages of trematodes starting with egg (7 stages)?
Egg >miracidium>sporocyst>rediae>cercariae>metacercaria>adult
What is characteristic of trematode eggs?
operculum at one pole and contain embryo
What life cycle stage of trematodes penetrates the skin of the mammalian host or encysts on vegetation?
cercariae
TQ: Diagnose: Cow with edema, large eggs in feces, elevated liver enzymes,
Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke)
What is the IH of liver flukes?
mud snails
What does the clinical signs of liver flukes depend on?
presence of C. novyi (black disease)
What happens in the chronic form of bovine fasciolosis?
calcification of bile ducts - pipestem fibrosis
What is the DH of Fascioloides magna?
white tailed deer and wild ruminants
What is the most common parasite of the Paramphistomum family?
P. cervi
What are the DH of Paramphistomum and what organ do they live?
ruminants - rumen and reticulum
What do young rumen flukes cause in ruminants?
severe erosions of the duodenal mucosa by feeding
What is a miracidium?
pyriform ciliated larvae w/ eye spots, infective stage for snail
What is a sporocyst?
non ciliated elongated sac, developed inside snail
What is a rediae?
developed from sporocyst inside snail
What is a cercarie/metacercariae?
infective stage for mammal
What is different about Dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs than other flukes?
they are small, have a flattened side
What is the DH of Dicrocoelium?
humans (zoonotic), ruminants, rabbit
What are the 2 IH of Dicrocoelium?
land snails
brown ants
Where do Dicrocoelium migrate too after being ingested by DH?
up bile duct to liver, no parenchymal migration
Where do Schistosoma spp. infect in the host?
blood vessels of alimentary tract and bladder
What is the DH of schistosoma spp?
all domestic mammals and humans
What are the IH of schistosoma?
water snails
What causes swimmers itch?
bird schistosomes in the water, cercariae of Heterobilharzia americana
Where are Heterobilharzia americana found?
in dogs and horses in Florida, Texas and Kansas
What do the eggs of H. americana cause in the host?
widely disseminated granulomas (starry sky - horses)
What is the DH of Nanophyetus salmincola?
carnivores of pacific northwest, zoonotic
What is the CS of Nanophyetus salminocola?
acute diarrhea
What are the DH of Paragonimus kellicotti? (lung fluke)
cats, dogs, wild mammals, humans (ZOONOTIC)
What is the IH of Paragoniumus kellicotti?
crayfish
What are the CS of P. kellicotti?
chronic cough, pulmonary distress
What will radiographs should of P. kellicotti?
cysts (signet rings)
Why may fenbendazole be a bad idea for P. kellicotti?
kills worms too fast —> ruptures nodules
What is the DH of Alaria spp?
dogs, cats, foxes, mink, humans
What are the 2 IH of Alaria spp?
freshwater snail
frog
How might Alaria sppp be transmitted?
transmammary of mice and cats
What are the CS of Alaria in humans?
pulmonary hemorrhage
What characterizes Acanthocephala phylum?
retractable spiny probiscus
What are the life stages of Acanthocepheala?
egg>acanthor>acanthella>cystacanth
What are the IH of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus?
june bugs/beetles
What is the DH of M. hirudinaceus?
pigs
How is M. hirudinaceus diagnosed?
fecal sedimentation (eggs are heavier)
