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Parasitology (TS) > Parasitology Final > Flashcards

Parasitology Final Flashcards

1
Q

Common name for Musca Autumnalis

A

Facefly

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2
Q

What type of Muscoid fly is the Facefly?

A

Non-biting muscoid –> sucking labia (no piercing parts)

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3
Q

L.C. of Musca autumnalis?

A

Lay eggs in cattle dung < 1 h. old

eggs hatch w/in a few hrs.

maggots emerge & feed on fecal matter

Grow to 3rd instar stage & pupate

10-20 d. later emerge as adults

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4
Q

M. autumalis is the IH of what?

A

Thelazia (cattle eye worm)

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5
Q

What is M. autumalis a biological vector of?

A

Morxella bovis

causative agent of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis or pink eye.

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6
Q

What is the habitat of M. autumnalis?

A

prefer cattle & horse faces

fence & vegatation

DO NOT ENTER BUILDINGS

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7
Q

Key characteristics of Stomoxys

A

biting muscoid fly

protruding bayonet-like mouthparts

males & females suck blood

checkerboard pattern

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8
Q

Where do Stomoxys prefer to lay their eggs?

A

decaying vegetative matter

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9
Q

What is Stomoxys the IH for?

A

Habronema (horse stomach worm)

cutaneous deposition of L3 Habronema can cause skin ulcers if enters broken skin

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10
Q

What is the common name for Stomoxys?

A

stable fly

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11
Q

What is the common name of Haematobia?

A

horn fly

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12
Q

Characterisitics of Haematobia?

A

Biting Muscoid fly

bayonet-like mouth parts

male & females suck blood

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13
Q

Habitat of Haematobia?

A

prefer pastures

toplines of animals (whithers) and around the horns of cattle

cattle > horses

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14
Q

Where do Haematobia like to lay their eggs?

A

fresh manure < 30 min old

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15
Q

What are Haematobia the IH of?

A

Stephanofilaria stilesi

(filarial parasite of skin of cattle)

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16
Q

What is the economic importance of Muscoid flies?

A
  • decreased production
  • meat, milk, hide
  • allergies
  • stinging
  • annoyance
  • blood loss
  • parasite & dz vectors
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17
Q

What is the common name of Melophagus ovinus?

A

sheep ked

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18
Q

Characteristics of Melophagus ovinus?

A

Hippoboscid fly

wingless dipteran

male & females suck blood

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19
Q

Habitat of Melophagus ovinus?

A

live entire life in the wool of sheep

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20
Q

L.C. of Melophagus ovinus?

A

“Modified” complex metamorphosis

larvae develop inside female

extruded larvae pupate w/in few hrs

pupul case remains glued to wool

adult fly emerges in 3-6 wks

(temp dependent)

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21
Q

How do you spell Dr. P’s last name?

A

Pinckney

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22
Q

What is Facultative Myiasis?

A

a. k.a Secondary Myiasis
* Musca domestica*, blow flies or bottle flies

normally free-living

Under certain circumstances they may adapt themselves to a parasitic existence

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23
Q

What is myiasis?

A

parasitic infestation of a living organs or tissues by dipteran larvae

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24
Q

What is “Strike”?

A

any cutaneous myiasis in sheep

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25
Q

What is Obligatory Myiasis?

A

a.k.a Primary Myiasis

parasite is dependent upon the animal for a certain portion of its L.C.

MUST utilize a host to complete its L.C.

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26
Q

What is the common name of

Cochliomyia hominivorax?

A

Primary (American) Screwworm

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27
Q

Characteristics of Cochliomyia hominivorax?

A

any warm-blooded animal (humans!)

metallic blue, green body and reddish orange face.

mature larvae –> distinct bands of spines w/ 2 deeply pigmented breathing tubes 1/3 of their length

(looks like screw)

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28
Q

Is Cochliomyia hominivorax reportable if found on lifestock?

A

YES!!!!

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29
Q

How can we control & eradicate

Cochliomyia hominivorax?

A

sterile male release technique

females only breed once then die

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30
Q

Where do Cochliomyia hominivorax prefer to lay their eggs?

A

in clean (fresh) wounds

require living tissue

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31
Q

Characteristics of Complex Metamorphosis

A
  • Developmental stage bears no resemblance to adult
  • Worm like larva
  • Pupa is the resting stage
  • Adult emerges from pupa
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32
Q

Characteristics of “Modified” Complex Metamorphosis

A
  • Female retains larvae in her body
  • Eggs laid on host
  • Eggs pupate shortly after being laid
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33
Q

What is the common name for Hypoderma**?

A
  • Cattle Grub
  • Cattle Heel Fly
  • Ox Warble
  • Warble Fly
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34
Q

What is the characteristics of Hypoderma?

A
  • Complex Metamorphosis
  • Obligatory Myiasis
  • Bumble bee- like appearance
  • NO fxning mouth parts
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35
Q

When do you treat Hypoderma?

A

Summer or Early Autumn

(will get esophagitis, bloat or spinal canal lesions if TX during winter)

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36
Q

Which Hypoderma stages cause pathogenesis in cattle?

A

Adults - fright b/c look like bumblebees

Young- “Gadding” (severe damage to hide)

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37
Q

What happens if you rupture the larva of Hypoderma?

A

Localized inflammation & abscess formation

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38
Q

What species are affected by Oestrus?

A

Sheep & Goats

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39
Q

Characteristics of Oestrus?

A
  • No fxning mouth parts
  • Active during summer months
  • Modified Complex Metamorphosis
  • Obligatory Myiasis
  • RARELY parasitize humans & other domestic animals
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40
Q

What is “False Gid”?

A

when Oestrus larvae penetrate the cribiform plate & mirgrate to the brain

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41
Q

What is the common name of Gasterophilus?

A

Horse Stomach Bot Fly

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42
Q

Characteristics of Gasterophilus?

A
  • Honeybee like appearance
  • No fxning mouthparts
  • Complex Metamorphosis
  • Obligatory Myiasis
  • Long prepatent period (10-12 mo)
  • No issues unless purfurate the stomach
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43
Q

L.C. of Gasterophilus?

A
  1. Females lay eggs on legs, nostrils or lips of horses
  2. larva migrate to stomach & mature
  3. Larva crawl back up esophagus & expelled
  4. Larvae pupaute in ground
  5. Emerge as adults
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44
Q

What is the common name for Cuterebra?

A

Wolves worms

Warbles

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45
Q

Characteristics of Cuterebra?

A
  • Black & white looking honeybee
  • No fxning mouth parts
  • Mature larva are black w/ spines
  • Complex Metamorphosis
  • Obligatory Myiasis
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46
Q

What is the L.C. of Cuterebra?

A
  1. Lay eggs near rodent borrows
  2. Larva catch rides on passing rodents
  3. Larva enter through physiological orifices
  4. Larva migrate in SQ tissue & generate large inflammed cysts
  5. Drog out & pupate on ground
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47
Q

What can Cuterebra cause in cats, dogs & humans?

A
  • CNS signs b/c moving through cribiform plate
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48
Q

What are all maggots?

A

BUTT BREATHERS!!!!!

(ewwww)

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49
Q

Characteristics of fleas?

A
  • Not host specific
  • Both sexes are bloodsuckers
  • ONLY adults are parasitic
  • Larvae are “maggot like” & eat flea dirt
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50
Q

Which flea commonly infects Poultry?

A

Echidnophaga

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51
Q

Common name for Echidnophaga?

A

Stick-tight fleas

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52
Q

What flea transmits the Plague?

A

Xenopsylla

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53
Q

What are some C.S. of Echidnophaga in birds?

A

Lesions on comb & wattles

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54
Q

What insect is the culprit of a “Bubo”?

A

Xenopsylla

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55
Q

What is the difference between Sucking & Chewing lice?

A

Chewing lice have big, fat heads that are wider than their thorax

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56
Q

What type of lice is Trichodectes? Who does it affect?

A

Chewing louse of the Dog

(remember it’s an insect- has 6 legs!)

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57
Q

What type of lice do birds get?

A

Chewing Lice ONLY

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58
Q

What species are affected by Linognathus?

A
  • sheep & goats
  • dog, cattle & horses (via Dr. P)
59
Q

Characteristic of Linognathus?

A

1st pair of tarsal claws in smaller than the other pairs

60
Q

What type of lice to cats get? Characteristics?

A
  • ONLY chewing lice - Felicola
  • triangular head
61
Q

What species does Damilinia infect?

A

Chewing louse of horse

(can do rumis too)

62
Q

What is the sucking louse that infects horses?

A

Haematopinus

63
Q

Characteristic of Haematopinus?

A

All tarsal claws are equal size

64
Q

Which species of lice is the “Hog Louse”?

A

Haematopinus suis

65
Q

Solenopotes only infect what animal?

A

moo cows!!

66
Q

What is the common name for Pthirus?

A

HUMAN crab louse

67
Q

What is prevalence of bed bugs?

A

resurgence

68
Q

Characteristics of bed bugs?

A
  • no wings
  • switch-blade proboscis
  • can survive for more than a yr w/o a blood meal
69
Q

What is this???

A

Pentastome

70
Q

What is this?

A

Pentastome

71
Q

What is this?

A

Pentastome

72
Q

What family does this egg belong to?

A

Pentastome

73
Q

What is this a larvae of?

A

Pentastome

74
Q

What is this a nymph of?

A

Pentastome

75
Q

Characteristics of Pentastome?

A
  • Tongue Worm
  • Parasites have one mouth & 4 hooked claws
  • Zoonotic
  • Humans are accidental hosts & can get infected by ingesting undercooked meat w/ nymphal stages
76
Q

A client brings you his pet snake & dog. Both animals show respiratory signs. What should be on your DDX for parasites?

A
  • Mite pneumonsoides
  • Pentastome
77
Q

What type of LC does Pentastome have?

A

Indirect LC

78
Q

What Pentastome is found in the nasal/paranasal sinuses of dogs & cats?

A

Linguatula serrata

79
Q

What is this?

A

Pthirus pubis

80
Q

General characteristics of Hard Ticks.

A
  • mouthparts
  • bodies
  • Females’ scutum ONLY covers the anterior part of the dorsum (just behind capitulum
  • Males don’t get as large b/c scutum covers entire dorsum
81
Q

A client calls you out to her farm b/c her horse is acting weird. When you get there, you notice the horse has muscle fasciculations & sweating. What should you supsect?

A

Otobius

Check horse’s ear for larval or 2 nymphal stages

82
Q

What is the common name for Ixodes?

A

“Black-legged” deer tick

83
Q

Characteristics of Ixodes?

A
  • ANAL GROOVE
  • Inornate
  • No festoons (butt ridges)
84
Q

Which 2 hard ticks are ornate w/ festoons?

A
  1. Dermacenter
  2. Amblyomma
85
Q

Which tick borne disease can be transmitted sexually?

A

Lyme Dz caused by Borrelia burgdorferi

86
Q

How are the following diseases of Ixodes transmitted?

A
  • Borrelia burgdorferi = Interstadial
  • Anaplasma = Interstadial
  • Babesia = Transovarian (except Babesia equii)
87
Q

The Powassan Virus is transmitted to humans via what tick vector? (2)

A
  • Ixodes*
  • Dermacentor*
88
Q

Why is Powassan Virus such a big concern?

A

Majority of people infected w/ this virus die rapidly

89
Q

What can you expect to happen if a mare is infected w/ Babesia?

90
Q

Why are Babesia bovis & B. bigemina such a problem?

A

Out of control b/c have adapted their life cycle to wild ruminants (white tail deer)

91
Q

Characteristics of Dermacentor?

A
  • Ornate
  • Festoons
  • Short to medium palps
92
Q

Ticks that cause “tick paralysis”

A
  • Ixodes
  • Dermacentor
  • Amblyomma
93
Q

Which 2 ticks can transmit Powassan Virus?

A
  • Ixodes
  • Dermacentor
94
Q

What can Dermacentor transmit?

A
  • POWV
  • RMSF
  • Tick paralysis
  • Cytauxzoon felis
  • Tularemia
  • Anaplasma marginale
  • Q fever
95
Q

Which protozoa causes fatal disease in cats (w/in 48 hrs)?

A

Cytauxzoon felis

(come in dead & you see piroplasts)

96
Q

What are the target cells of C. felis? What C.Ss do they cause?

A
  • Macrophages - Vasculitis
  • RBCs - Hemolytic anemia
97
Q

Reservoir for C. felis?

98
Q

Owner brings you in their dead dog. You see piroplasts, macrophages full of protozoan, & hemorrhage? What is it?

A

Hepatozoon americanum

99
Q

What tick in Grenada is implicated in the transmission of Ehrlichia?

A

Rhipicephalus

100
Q

How does Boophilus transmit Babesia to cattle? What other animal does it like?

A
  • Transovarian
  • White Tailed deer
101
Q

Characteristics of Amblyomma?

A
  • ornate
  • festoons
  • mouthparts are longer than the basis capituli
  • PAINFUL BITE
102
Q

Which hard tick is reportable?

103
Q

Why can you not import wild African Leopard Tortoises?

A

B/c they can harbor Amblyomma larvae and nypmhs which can transmit Ehrlichia ruminatum (Heartwater Dz)

104
Q

Dog comes in with periosteal proliferation. What’s the next step? DDX?

A

Biopsy

Hepatozoon americanum transmitted by Amblyomma

105
Q

If a person has a red meat allergy what tick were they likely bitten by?

A

Amblyomma

(allergen has been identified as a carbohydrate called Alpha-Galactose, commonly known as alpha gal.)

106
Q

Which species of Amblyomma is this? (Lone star Tick)

A

Amblyomma americanum

107
Q

Which species of Amblyomma is this?

A

Amblyomma maculatum

108
Q

What is the prognosis of a dog infected with Hepatozoon americanum?

A

Guarded b/c more severe

109
Q

How do dogs get Hepatozoon?

A

Ingest an Amblyomma tick containing sporulated oocysts of Hepatozoon.

110
Q

Characteristics of Soft Ticks

A
  • mouthparts not visible from dorsal view
  • lack a dorsal shield or scutum
  • hard to tell sexes apart unless engorged
  • Skin = leathery, wrinkled, granulated, mammillated or covered w/ bumps/spines (EXCEPT LARVAE)
111
Q

What is the common name for Argas?

112
Q

You find Argas on your young chickens. What C.S. will you also suspect to see?

A

flaccid paralysis

113
Q

What is the common name of Otobius?

A

Spine nose ear tick

114
Q

Which Soft Tick is rarely zoonotic?

115
Q

Does adult Otobius feed?

A

No way jose

116
Q

Characteristics of Mesostigmata (mites)

A
  • blood sucking mites of birds, rodents & reptiles
  • legs confined to anterior ½ of body
  • stigmata is between 3rd & 4th coxae
  • Peritreme
  • Chelicerae (piercing mouthparts)
  • Berlese technique
  • -ZOONOTIC if definitive host is not around
117
Q

What is the blood sucking mite of reptiles?

A

Ophionyssus

BEWARE could be ZOONOTIC

118
Q

How would you DX Ophionyssus in snakes?

A
  • put snake bedding in Berlese Funnel
  • snake not properly shedding its skin
119
Q

What is the blood sucking nasal & paranasal respiratory mite of dogs?

A

Pneumonyssoides

120
Q

What is the C.S. seen in dogs w/ Pneumonyssoides?

A
  • sneezing
  • epistasis
  • coughing
121
Q

Characteristics of Pneumonyssoides.

A
  • Ovoviviparous (Larvae in egg) females
  • No nymphal stage
  • Transmission: direct transfer of 6 legged larvae from dog to dog
122
Q

How can you DX Pneumonyssoides?

A
  • rhinoscopy
  • nasal swabbing
  • nasal flushing of sinuses
123
Q

In what large animal is Sarcoptes not reportable?

A

Swine

(oink, oink)

124
Q

Characteristics of Sarcoptes.

A
  • big & round
  • long stalk
  • no segmentation
  • burrow deep into skin
125
Q

My guinea pig is flipping out!!! What could it be doc?

(PE= seizures from scratching skin, self trauma, hyperkeratosis, alopecia, & intense pruritis)

A

Trixacarus mite

126
Q

What is the rare form of mange w/ lots of hair loss but no pruritis affects seen in immunocompromised dogs?

A

Norweign scabies

127
Q

What causes Scaley leg in chickens, canaries, turkeys & pheasants?

A

Knemidokoptes

128
Q

Where will you find Knemidokoptes?

A

burrowing in the epidermis around legs, beak, back & vent

129
Q

Which animals are Psoeptes reporatble in?

A

Large animals

130
Q

Characteristics of Psoroptes?

A
  • Don’t burrow
  • intense pruritis with scabs & crusting
  • long 3 segmented pedicles
  • “Scab mite”
  • External ear canal of rabbits
  • Rhasta sheep
131
Q

A hedgehog comes in & has lost all its quills. What do you suspect?

A

Chorioptes

132
Q

Characteristics of Chorioptes

A
  • don’t burrow
  • short, unsegmented pedicles
  • cause hair loss on back, mane, fetlock & tail head
133
Q

Dog, cat, kitten, puppy, fox or ferret comes in w/ black stuff in their ear. See a mite w/ short stalk & caruncles. What is it?

134
Q

What is Cheyletiella?

A

causative agent of “walking dandruff” (scaling & mild pruritis)

135
Q

What are the hosts of Cheyletiella?

A

Dogs, cats, rabbits & humans

ZOONOTIC

Highly contangious

136
Q

What is unquie about Demodex infections?

A

very host specific, every mammal has its own kind

137
Q

How does Demodex present in large animals?

A

large nodules

must lance & examine debris to DX

138
Q

What is the common name for Demodex?

139
Q

When can Demodex be severe?

A

if have sqaumous or pustule form

140
Q

What is a common way that Demodex is transmitted in dogs?

A

Common transmission from dam to pup during sucking from skin not milk signs <7mths

141
Q

Characteristics of Chiggers

A
  • Hosts: dogs, cats, rabbits, all large animals & man
  • Parasitic larvae (nymphs & adults non parasitic)
  • Immonogenic saliva
  • Zoonotic
142
Q

Puppy comes in w/ localized hair loss that becomes generalized what does this indicate?

A

T-cell autosommal recessive issue (compromised immune system)

Demodex is normal flora

Going to be difficult to control b/c of immune issues

143
Q

What can cause adult onset of Demodex?

A

Estrus or other immunocompromissing events

144
Q

What life stages of Chiggers are parastitic?

A

Just larvae

Parasitology (TS) (10 decks)

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