parasit quiz 1 Flashcards
what is the resistant, resting but infective stage of protozoan?
cyst
what is term for free living or infective stage of protoaoan?
trophozoites
what modes of locomotion of protozoans are by flexing and gliding?
undulating membrane and subpellicular microtubules
what are the 3 ways of asexual repro of protozoa?
binary fission
multiple fission or schizogony (nuclear division precedes cytokinesis)
budding
what are the 2 ways protozoa reproduce sexually?
conjugation
syngamy - forms zygote
what is a paratenic(transport) host?
non essential host, no development within body
what is a mechanical vector?
non essential host, passively carries infective stage
What is a biological vector?
usually arthropod, maybe intermediate host or mechanical vector
Life cycle where transmission of parasitic infection from one host to another without intermediate host
Direct life cycle
Life cycle where there is one or more essential intermediate hosts
indirect life cycle
Time period between ingestion and invasions of infective stages of a helminth in its definitive host until eggs or larvae are produced
pre-patent period
Period of the life span of adult parasite in host
patent period
How many types of protozoa are parasitic?
10,000
Are protozoa prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
eukaryotes (have organelles)
Free-living or infective stage of protozoan
trophozite
Resistant, resting but infective stage of protozoan
cyst
What is the morphology of T. foetus?
pyriform with 1 recurrent flagellum with undulating membrane
Where is T. foetus found in the bull?
preputial cavity
Does T. foetus have a cyst stage?
no, also direct life cycle by sexual contact
What are the clinical signs of T. foetus in cows?
early abortion
What is the prognosis for clearing a bull of T. foetus infection?
guarded, different state regulations
What is the standard for molecular diagnosis of T. foetus?
culture and gel PCR assay
What can be used to flush the preputial cavity in bulls with T. foetus?
Alcide
What is the scientific name for bovine trichomoniasis?
Tritrichomonas foetus
What is the vaccine Trichguard good for?
reduces severity of disease, does not prevent
What is the species that causes “cankor” or “frounce” in young birds?
Trichomonas gallinae
How is T. gallinae transmitted?
direct by bird to bird contact and cloacal drinking
What drug can be used to treat T. gallinae in non food birds?
metronidazole
Which trichomonad occurs in the mouth of the dog?
Trichomonas canistomae
What are the clinical signs of T. canistomae
nonpathogenic, +/- vaginitis
Which protozoan is DNA homologous with T. foetus but found in cats and humans?
Pentatritrichomonas
Which protozoan is found in mouth of cats with FIV, FelV, or FIP?
Tetratrichomonas felistomae
Which flagellate parasite causes black head disease in turkeys and range birds?
Histomonas meleagridis
Why is H. meleagridis pleomorphic?
Amoeboid form - intestinal lumen, or singly in tissues (no flagella)
Transitional form - lumen
What is the life cycle of H. meleagridis?
direct, unique
via eggs of cecal worm (H. gallinarum)
develop on ground to L3 stage
also, cloacal drinking
What are the paretenic stages of H. meleagridis?
earthworms
Where are lesions of H. meleagridis found in birds?
cecum and liver
How is Histomonas meleagridis treated?
fenbendazole and metronidazole
seperate turkeys and chickens
How many nuclei does Giardia trophozite have?
binucleate
What stage of Giardia is responsible for transmission?
cyst
What type of life cycle does Giardia have?
direct
How does Giardia divide and how often?
longitudinal binary fission every 12 hours
What are the clinical signs of Entamoeba histolytica?
abdominal pain, intermittent diarrhea, anorexia, malaise, waxes and wanes
What kind of lesions are associated with Entamoeba histolytica?
flask shaped ulcers
What reptiles does E. invadens infect?
snakes and carnivorous lizards
In what organs can you find E. invadens?
intestines - liver, abcesses, severe
What type of life cycle does E. invadens have?
direct
Is balantidium zoonotic?
yes
What is the life cycle of Balantidium coli?
fecal oral, infective stage in feces
What are the clinical signs of Balantidium coli?
asymptomatic, water diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, colic
