parasitology intro and nematodes Flashcards
answers weren't posted - hoping mine are right
which categories of helminths require an intermediate host
cestodes and some trematodes
list 7 ways parasites cause harm to hosts
- suck blood
- feed on solid tissues
- compete with host for the food is has digested
- cause mechanical obstructions
- reduce host’s resistance
- destroy host cells
- carry diseases
list 8 ways to control an animal’s exposure to parasites
- worm all animals at same time
- remove fecal material
- rotate pastures
- don’t place feed on the ground
- control intermediate hosts
- isolate new animals
- keep young animals in separate quarters
- change bedding
2 reasons it is useful for VTs to know about parasite life cycles
so they can treat and prevent parasites
list 5 effects ascarids can have in young animals
- lack of growth
- pot-bellied
- pass adult worms in feces
- dull hair coat
- damage to lungs
visceral larva migrans
syndrome caused by ascarid larvae migration in an abnormal host
3 ways a canine or feline can get roundworm
- ingestion
- skin penetration of infective larvae
- ingestion of intermediate host
(Fecal-oral, transplacental, transmammary)
4 ways an animal may be infected with hookworm
- ingestion
- larvae pass through placenta
- transmammary
- larvae may penetrate skin
(Ingestion, transplacental, transmammary, larvae penetrate skin)
which nematode parasite causes anemia
hookworm
cutaneous larval migrans? what causes it? another name?
intensely pruritic eruption of human skin; caused by migration of nematode larvae; “creeping eruptions”
how do horses become infected with stronglyes
ingestion
the small strongyle adults live in what part of the horse
cecum
list 3 effects strongyles have on the host
- damage to mesenteric arteries
- damage to liver
- anemia
what horse parasite is becoming resistant to worming medications
small strongyles
what types of animals are susceptible to trichostrongyles? how do they get infected?
ruminants by ingestion
what parasite ova is similar in appearance to that of whipworm
capillaria
4 animals that get lungworms
sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs
adult lungworms live in the bronchi or lungs. what life-stage do we look for to diagnose lungworms in ruminants? what fecal test is done?
larvae; baerman technique
what are symptoms of pinworm infection? what is the most common domestic species to get them? can people get them from an animal? can a cow get them from a horse?
tail rubbing, pruritus in anal glands, broken hair; horses; pinworms are host specific
pinworm ova
elongated, oval, and flat on one long side
what is a way to diagnose pinworm infection other than fecal flotation
scotch tape test
capillaria plica is the canine bladder worm. how do the eggs get in the feces?
coughed up and swallowed and shed in feces
3 ways that capillaria ova differ from trichuris ova
- off center plugs
- smaller
- lighter shade of yellow
- more barrel shaped
endoparasite
parasite live within the body
ectoparasite
parasite lives on the outside of the body
pseudoparasite
object mistaken for a parasite
host
organism that harbors a parasite
definitive host
harbors the adult parasite
intermediate host
harbors the larval form
direct lifestyle
no intermediate host
indirect lifestyle
intermediate host involved
free living
a stage that lives in the environment
host specific
the parasite only lives in one or few related host species (eimeria)
Pre-patent period
time from initial infection until the parasite matures and reproduces
Fecal-oral
common means of transmission for parasites with direct lifecycle
Infective
ova or larva can mature if they get into the definitive host
Embryonated
Larva visible inside the ova
not a nematode
tapeworm
