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vtt 115 - clin path 2 > anemia study questions > Flashcards

anemia study questions Flashcards

1
Q

Describe what anemia is in two different ways

A
  • Decreased production of RBCs
  • either increased loss or destruction
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2
Q

Name at least 4 signs of anemia you might find on physical exam or when taking a medical history.

A
  • Ingestion of toxin
  • symptoms of hypothyroidism
  • acute or chronic blood loss
  • trauma
  • parasites
  • clotting disorder
  • neoplasia
  • cystitis
  • GI ulceration
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3
Q

Describe at least 3 precautions you should take when caring for or doing procedures on an anemic patient.

A

Handle carefully
supplemental O2
sedate

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4
Q

What are the two main categories of anemia?

A

Regenerative and Nonregenerative

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5
Q

What would you see on the differential that might indicate a non-regenerative anemia is occurring?

A

Hypochromasia, microcytes

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6
Q

In non-regenerative anemia would reticulocyte numbers be high or low?

A

low

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7
Q

What would you see on the differential if an animal had regenerative anemia? Why do you see this?

A

Polychromatophils, immature RBCs, increased RBC production; early release of immature cells

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8
Q

What happens to the reticulocyte count and MCV if there is regenerative anemia?

A

Reticulocyte count and MCV should be elevated MCV=size

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9
Q

Name problems that can cause regenerative anemia.

A
  • Hemolytic - RBC destruction
  • Hemorrhagic (blood loss) acute or chronic
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10
Q

Name abnormalities that may be seen on the CBC of an animal with AIHA.

A

Spherocytes, agglutination, schistocytes, rouleaux

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11
Q

How are spherocytes formed?

A

RBCs with antibodies attached causes membrane to be torn off. Cell closes around hole – leaving less cell membrane for the same amount of hemoglobin

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12
Q

An occasional Heinz body in cats is normal. What causes increased numbers?

A

toxicities

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13
Q

What does the diff of a dog with hypochromic, macrocytic anemia look like?

A

Macrocytes with decreased central palor

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14
Q

What is the cause of each type of RBC abnormality? (hypochromasia and macrocytes)

A

Hypochromasia-Reduced hemoglobin concentration
Macrocytes-immature RBCs

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15
Q

Tell whether the MCV and the MCHC of the dog in question 13 would be low, normal or high. (hypochromasia and macrocytic)

A

MCV=size: high, MCHC=hemoglobin concentration: low

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16
Q

What would they be for a cat with normochromic, microcytic anemia? (MCV and MCHC)

A

Microcytic-low MCV
Normochromic=normal MCHC

17
Q

What would the cat’s RBC morphology look like?

A

Anisocytosis, microcytes, possible spherocytes

18
Q

What is a reticulocyte? What does it look like on a differential smear?

A

Immature RBC with DNA/nuclear material; polychromatophils - larger dark staining RBCs

19
Q

What abnormal CBC finding should prompt you to perform a reticulocyte count?

A

Anemia-low PCV

20
Q

What stain is used to do the reticulocyte count? Describe the procedure for making the slide and the microscope settings used to examine it.

A
  • New Methylene Blue: equal amounts of blood to stain
  • let sit for 15 minutes
  • make a blood smear examine under oil, low light similar to diff
21
Q

What are the two types of reticulocytes? Which species has both? Which species has only one? If the species has only one, which will it be?

A

Aggregate, punctate; Cat; dog has aggregate

22
Q

Explain how to count and calculate the reticulocyte count.

A

Count reticulocytes in 5 fields

23
Q

What is the formula for calculating the absolute value of reticulocytes?

A

number of reticulocytes counted in 5 fields/1,000 RBCs (=200 X 5 fields) X 100*= %retics

24
Q

What does it mean if the reticulocyte count is high?

A

Regenerative anemia bone marrow response

25
Q

What do punctate reticulocytes in cats look like on a regular differential smear?

A

polychromatophils

26
Q

When doing a reticulocyte count on a cat, which type do you count?

A

aggregate

27
Q

Why is the aggregate reticulocyte count in cats more important information than the punctuate reticulocyte count?

A

Punctate have been in the system longer

28
Q

What are erythrocyte indicies?

A

Help classify anemia - Provide an objective measure of the size and average hemoglobin concentration

29
Q

Which system for classifying anemias makes the most use of these?

A

Morphologic classification

30
Q

What does MCV stand for?

A

Mean corpuscular volume

31
Q

what does the MCV measure?

A

size

32
Q

A normal MCV can mean 2 different things. What are they?

A

chronic and recent acute blood loss (?)

33
Q

What does MCHC stand for?

A

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

34
Q

Using terms we use to describe RBC morphology, what does the MCHC measure?

A

hypochromia

35
Q

What does MCH stand for? What is it measuring?

A

Mean Corpuscular hemoglobin; weight of hemoglobin

36
Q

Which of the 3 erythrocyte indicies is the least used?

A

MCH

vtt 115 - clin path 2 (7 decks)

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