Parasitology Chapter I (From Quizlet) Flashcards
Organism that develop unique relationship due to environmental impact and relation to surrounding.
Biological Relationship
an anaerobic parasitic amoebozoan, part of the genus Entamoeba. Predominantly infecting humans and other primates causing amoebiasis.
Entamoeba histolytica
water to skin
Schistosoma
causes changes in the molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology and structure of the parasite.
Adaptation
is a non-pathogenic species of Entamoeba that frequently exists as a commensal parasite in the human gastrointestinal tract.
Entameoba coli
humans are definitive host. caused by tapeworms
taeniasis
cattle and pigs are immediate hosts
Taenia spp
snail is the immediate host
Schistosoma spp
wild boar to human intestinal wall
Paragonimus meracercariac
parasite that has been harbour other than definitive, intermediate and paratenic hosts.
Reservior host
pig is the reservior host
Balantidium coli
field rat is the reservior host
Paragonimus westermani
Cat is the reservior host
Brugia malayi
harbours a particular pathogen without manifesting any signs and symptoms.
carrier
a process of inoculating an infective agent
exposure
is the period between infection and evidence of symptoms.
incubation period
when a direct contact is his own direct source of infection.
autoinfection
it`s an infection may occur through hand-to-mouth transmission.
Enterobiasis
parasites multiply internally
Capillaria philippinesis
when an already infected individual is further infected with the same specie of parasite.
superinfection
most common sources of parasitic infections
soil and water
The human excreta is also a source of infection for the reason that it
allow the eggs of a parasite to get contact with the soil and favour the development of the following pathogens
Ascharis lumbricoides
Trichuris trichuria
Strongyloides stercoralis
hookworm
Water can be also a source of infection as it will be infected by a cysts of amebae or flagellates as well a
cercariac schistosoma
vector of Malaria and filaria parasites
Mosquito
carriers of trypanosoma cruzi that causes Chagas` disease.
triatoma bugs
natural vectors of all type of leishmaniasis.
Sandflies
cat is the vector of
toxoplasma infection
House rat
Hymenolepis nana
from eating food infections
Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia lamblia
drinking water contaminated with cysts
Clonorcis
Opistochis
Haplorchis
skin to soil
hookworm and strongyloides
can cross through placental barrier during pregnancy
Toxoplasma gondii trophozoites
Air-borne eggs can cause infections include inhalation of eggs of
Enterobius
sexual intercourse
Trichomonas vaginalis
a number of new cases recorded in an infected population in a given period of time.
incidence
a number of individuals in a population estimated to be infected with a particular parasite species.
prevalence
a percentage of individuals in a population infected with at least one parasite
Cumulative prevalence
it refers to the number of worms per infected person and can be measured directly or indirectly and is also referred as the worm burden.
intensity prevalence
It is used of anthelminthic drugs in an individual or public health programme.
deworming
refers to the number of previously positive subjects found to be egg-negative on an examination.
cure rates
a percentage fall in egg counts after deworming based on examination of a stool or urine sample.
Egg reduction rate
It involves individual-level deworming with selection for treatment based on a diagnosis of infection or an assessment of the intensity of infection
Selective treatment
It involves group-level deworming where the group to be treated may be defined by age, sex or other social characteristics.
targeted treatment
It involved population-level deworming in which the community is treated irrespective of age, sex and infectious status, or other social characteristics.
Universal treatment
It refers to the proportion of the target population reached by an intervention
Coverage
It is generally transmitted loss of susceptibility to a drug in a worm population.
Drug resistance
It is an effect of a drug against an infective agent in ideal experimental conditions and isolation from any context.
Efficacy
It is a measure of the effect of a drug against an infective agent in particular hosts, living in a particular environment with specific ecological, immunological, and epidemiological determinants.
Effectiveness
It is the avoidance of illness caused by infections
Morbidity rate
is a health education strategy to help people adapt to a healthy life practices.
Information-education-communication (IEC)
It involves planning, organisation, performance and monitoring of activities for the modification and/or manipulation of environmental factors or their interaction with other human beings
Environmental management
It involves interventions to reduce environmental health risks.
Environmental sanitation
