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Parasitology (Lecture) > Parasitology Chapter I (From Quizlet) > Flashcards

Parasitology Chapter I (From Quizlet) Flashcards

1
Q

Organism that develop unique relationship due to environmental impact and relation to surrounding.

A

Biological Relationship

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2
Q

an anaerobic parasitic amoebozoan, part of the genus Entamoeba. Predominantly infecting humans and other primates causing amoebiasis.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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3
Q

water to skin

A

Schistosoma

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4
Q

causes changes in the molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology and structure of the parasite.

A

Adaptation

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5
Q

is a non-pathogenic species of Entamoeba that frequently exists as a commensal parasite in the human gastrointestinal tract.

A

Entameoba coli

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6
Q

humans are definitive host. caused by tapeworms

A

taeniasis

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7
Q

cattle and pigs are immediate hosts

A

Taenia spp

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8
Q

snail is the immediate host

A

Schistosoma spp

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9
Q

wild boar to human intestinal wall

A

Paragonimus meracercariac

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10
Q

parasite that has been harbour other than definitive, intermediate and paratenic hosts.

A

Reservior host

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11
Q

pig is the reservior host

A

Balantidium coli

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12
Q

field rat is the reservior host

A

Paragonimus westermani

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13
Q

Cat is the reservior host

A

Brugia malayi

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14
Q

harbours a particular pathogen without manifesting any signs and symptoms.

A

carrier

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15
Q

a process of inoculating an infective agent

A

exposure

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16
Q

is the period between infection and evidence of symptoms.

A

incubation period

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17
Q

when a direct contact is his own direct source of infection.

A

autoinfection

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18
Q

it`s an infection may occur through hand-to-mouth transmission.

A

Enterobiasis

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19
Q

parasites multiply internally

A

Capillaria philippinesis

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20
Q

when an already infected individual is further infected with the same specie of parasite.

A

superinfection

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21
Q

most common sources of parasitic infections

A

soil and water

22
Q

The human excreta is also a source of infection for the reason that it
allow the eggs of a parasite to get contact with the soil and favour the development of the following pathogens

A

Ascharis lumbricoides
Trichuris trichuria
Strongyloides stercoralis
hookworm

23
Q

Water can be also a source of infection as it will be infected by a cysts of amebae or flagellates as well a

A

cercariac schistosoma

24
Q

vector of Malaria and filaria parasites

A

Mosquito

25
Q

carriers of trypanosoma cruzi that causes Chagas` disease.

A

triatoma bugs

26
Q

natural vectors of all type of leishmaniasis.

A

Sandflies

27
Q

cat is the vector of

A

toxoplasma infection

28
Q

House rat

A

Hymenolepis nana

29
Q

from eating food infections

A

Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia lamblia

30
Q

drinking water contaminated with cysts

A

Clonorcis
Opistochis
Haplorchis

31
Q

skin to soil

A

hookworm and strongyloides

32
Q

can cross through placental barrier during pregnancy

A

Toxoplasma gondii trophozoites

33
Q

Air-borne eggs can cause infections include inhalation of eggs of

A

Enterobius

34
Q

sexual intercourse

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

35
Q

a number of new cases recorded in an infected population in a given period of time.

A

incidence

36
Q

a number of individuals in a population estimated to be infected with a particular parasite species.

A

prevalence

37
Q

a percentage of individuals in a population infected with at least one parasite

A

Cumulative prevalence

38
Q

it refers to the number of worms per infected person and can be measured directly or indirectly and is also referred as the worm burden.

A

intensity prevalence

39
Q

It is used of anthelminthic drugs in an individual or public health programme.

A

deworming

40
Q

refers to the number of previously positive subjects found to be egg-negative on an examination.

A

cure rates

41
Q

a percentage fall in egg counts after deworming based on examination of a stool or urine sample.

A

Egg reduction rate

42
Q

It involves individual-level deworming with selection for treatment based on a diagnosis of infection or an assessment of the intensity of infection

A

Selective treatment

43
Q

It involves group-level deworming where the group to be treated may be defined by age, sex or other social characteristics.

A

targeted treatment

44
Q

It involved population-level deworming in which the community is treated irrespective of age, sex and infectious status, or other social characteristics.

A

Universal treatment

45
Q

It refers to the proportion of the target population reached by an intervention

A

Coverage

46
Q

It is generally transmitted loss of susceptibility to a drug in a worm population.

A

Drug resistance

47
Q

It is an effect of a drug against an infective agent in ideal experimental conditions and isolation from any context.

A

Efficacy

48
Q

It is a measure of the effect of a drug against an infective agent in particular hosts, living in a particular environment with specific ecological, immunological, and epidemiological determinants.

A

Effectiveness

49
Q

It is the avoidance of illness caused by infections

A

Morbidity rate

50
Q

is a health education strategy to help people adapt to a healthy life practices.

A

Information-education-communication (IEC)

51
Q

It involves planning, organisation, performance and monitoring of activities for the modification and/or manipulation of environmental factors or their interaction with other human beings

A

Environmental management

52
Q

It involves interventions to reduce environmental health risks.

A

Environmental sanitation

Parasitology (Lecture) (11 decks)

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