Parasitology Chapter I (From Quizlet)

Question 1

Organism that develop unique relationship due to environmental impact and relation to surrounding.

Answer 1

Biological Relationship

Question 2

an anaerobic parasitic amoebozoan, part of the genus Entamoeba. Predominantly infecting humans and other primates causing amoebiasis.

Answer 2

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 3

water to skin

Answer 3

Schistosoma

Question 4

causes changes in the molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology and structure of the parasite.

Answer 4

Adaptation

Question 5

is a non-pathogenic species of Entamoeba that frequently exists as a commensal parasite in the human gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 5

Entameoba coli

Question 6

humans are definitive host. caused by tapeworms

Answer 6

taeniasis

Question 7

cattle and pigs are immediate hosts

Answer 7

Taenia spp

Question 8

snail is the immediate host

Answer 8

Schistosoma spp

Question 9

wild boar to human intestinal wall

Answer 9

Paragonimus meracercariac

Question 10

parasite that has been harbour other than definitive, intermediate and paratenic hosts.

Answer 10

Reservior host

Question 11

pig is the reservior host

Answer 11

Balantidium coli

Question 12

field rat is the reservior host

Answer 12

Paragonimus westermani

Question 13

Cat is the reservior host

Answer 13

Brugia malayi

Question 14

harbours a particular pathogen without manifesting any signs and symptoms.

Answer 14

carrier

Question 15

a process of inoculating an infective agent

Answer 15

exposure

Question 16

is the period between infection and evidence of symptoms.

Answer 16

incubation period

Question 17

when a direct contact is his own direct source of infection.

Answer 17

autoinfection

Question 18

it`s an infection may occur through hand-to-mouth transmission.

Answer 18

Enterobiasis

Question 19

parasites multiply internally

Answer 19

Capillaria philippinesis

Question 20

when an already infected individual is further infected with the same specie of parasite.

Answer 20

superinfection

Question 21

most common sources of parasitic infections

Answer 21

soil and water

Question 22

The human excreta is also a source of infection for the reason that it
allow the eggs of a parasite to get contact with the soil and favour the development of the following pathogens

Answer 22

Ascharis lumbricoides
Trichuris trichuria
Strongyloides stercoralis
hookworm

Question 23

Water can be also a source of infection as it will be infected by a cysts of amebae or flagellates as well a

Answer 23

cercariac schistosoma

Question 24

vector of Malaria and filaria parasites

Answer 24

Mosquito

Question 25

carriers of trypanosoma cruzi that causes Chagas` disease.

Answer 25

triatoma bugs

Question 26

natural vectors of all type of leishmaniasis.

Answer 26

Sandflies

Question 27

cat is the vector of

Answer 27

toxoplasma infection

Question 28

House rat

Answer 28

Hymenolepis nana

Question 29

from eating food infections

Answer 29

Entamoeba histolytica Giardia lamblia

Question 30

drinking water contaminated with cysts

Answer 30

Clonorcis Opistochis Haplorchis

Question 31

skin to soil

Answer 31

hookworm and strongyloides

Question 32

can cross through placental barrier during pregnancy

Answer 32

Toxoplasma gondii trophozoites

Question 33

Air-borne eggs can cause infections include inhalation of eggs of

Answer 33

Enterobius

Question 34

sexual intercourse

Answer 34

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 35

a number of new cases recorded in an infected population in a given period of time.

Answer 35

incidence

Question 36

a number of individuals in a population estimated to be infected with a particular parasite species.

Answer 36

prevalence

Question 37

a percentage of individuals in a population infected with at least one parasite

Answer 37

Cumulative prevalence

Question 38

it refers to the number of worms per infected person and can be measured directly or indirectly and is also referred as the worm burden.

Answer 38

intensity prevalence

Question 39

It is used of anthelminthic drugs in an individual or public health programme.

Answer 39

deworming

Question 40

refers to the number of previously positive subjects found to be egg-negative on an examination.

Answer 40

cure rates

Question 41

a percentage fall in egg counts after deworming based on examination of a stool or urine sample.

Answer 41

Egg reduction rate

Question 42

It involves individual-level deworming with selection for treatment based on a diagnosis of infection or an assessment of the intensity of infection

Answer 42

Selective treatment

Question 43

It involves group-level deworming where the group to be treated may be defined by age, sex or other social characteristics.

Answer 43

targeted treatment

Question 44

It involved population-level deworming in which the community is treated irrespective of age, sex and infectious status, or other social characteristics.

Answer 44

Universal treatment

Question 45

It refers to the proportion of the target population reached by an intervention

Answer 45

Coverage

Question 46

It is generally transmitted loss of susceptibility to a drug in a worm population.

Answer 46

Drug resistance

Question 47

It is an effect of a drug against an infective agent in ideal experimental conditions and isolation from any context.

Answer 47

Efficacy

Question 48

It is a measure of the effect of a drug against an infective agent in particular hosts, living in a particular environment with specific ecological, immunological, and epidemiological determinants.

Answer 48

Effectiveness

Question 49

It is the avoidance of illness caused by infections

Answer 49

Morbidity rate

Question 50

is a health education strategy to help people adapt to a healthy life practices.

Answer 50

Information-education-communication (IEC)

Question 51

It involves planning, organisation, performance and monitoring of activities for the modification and/or manipulation of environmental factors or their interaction with other human beings

Answer 51

Environmental management

Question 52

It involves interventions to reduce environmental health risks.

Answer 52

Environmental sanitation