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Parasitology (Lecture) > Introduction to Parasitology > Flashcards

Introduction to Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

area of biology concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one living organism on another

A

Parasitology

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2
Q

is concerned primarily with parasites of humans and their medical significance, as well as their importance in human communities

A

Medical Parasitology

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3
Q

is a branch of medicine that deals with tropical diseases and other special medical problems of tropical regions

A

Tropical Medicine

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4
Q

is an illness, which is indigenous to or endemic in a tropical area but may also occur in sporadic or epidemic proportions in areas that are not tropical

A

Tropical Disease

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5
Q

study of diseases at the population and community level

A

Epidemiology

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6
Q

is the living together of unlike organisms. It may also involve protection or other advantages to one or both organisms

A

Symbiosis

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7
Q

Types of Symbiosis:

A
  1. Commensalism
  2. Mutualism
  3. Parasitism
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8
Q

is a symbiotic relationship in which two species live together and one species benefits from the relationship without harming or benefiting the other

A

Commensalism (Ex: Entamoeba coli)

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9
Q

is a symbiosis in which two organisms mutually benefit from each other

A

Mutualism (Ex: Termites and flagellates)

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10
Q

is a symbiotic relationship where one organism, the parasite, lives in or on another, depending on the latter for its survival and usually at the expense of the host

A

Parasitism (Ex: Entamoeba histolytica)

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11
Q

a parasite living outside the body of a host

A

Ectoparasite

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12
Q

Its presence is called an infestation

A

Ectoparasite

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13
Q

a parasite living inside the body of a host

A

Endoparasite

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14
Q

Its presence is called an infection

A

Endoparasite

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15
Q

found at the surface of skin

A

Ectoparasite

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16
Q

found beyond the skin

A

Endoparasite

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17
Q

Type of Parasite According to Host Requirement:

A
  1. Obligate Parasite
  2. Facultative Parasite
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18
Q

they need a host at some stage of their life cycle to complete their development and to propagate their species

A

Obligate Parasite

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19
Q

It cannot exist without a host.

A

Obligate Parasite

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20
Q

may exist in a free-living state or may become parasitic when the need arises

A

Facultative Parasite

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21
Q

Type of Parasite According to Duration:

A
  1. Temporary Parasite
  2. Permanent Parasite
  3. Periodic Parasite
  4. Transitory Parasite
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22
Q

lives on the host only for a short period of time

A

Temporary Parasite

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23
Q

remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life

A

Permanent Parasite

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24
Q

the parasite affects you, but the stage of the parasite is only in the “larval stage” or “baby stage”

A

Periodic Parasite

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25
Q

it is like a periodic parasite, it is in its “larval stage” in a host, but when it becomes an “adult,” it will NOT become a parasite

A

Transitory Parasite

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26
Q

Parasite according to duration:

talks about duration of time

A

Temporary vs. Permanent

27
Q

Parasite according to duration:

talks about the stages

A

Periodic vs. Transitory

28
Q

Parasite according to duration:

parasite in its “larval stage”

A

Periodic

29
Q

Parasite according to duration:

when it becomes an “adult” –> not anymore a parasite (becomes free-living and independent)

A

Transitory

30
Q

parasite that causes disease

A

Pathogenic Parasite

31
Q

parasite that causes disease only on an immunocompromised host

A

Opportunistic Parasite

32
Q

a parasite, which establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live

A

Accidental or Incidental Parasite

33
Q

organisms that attack a host where they cannot live or develop further

A

Aberrant Parasite

34
Q

a parasite where it is found in an organ which is not its usual habitat

A

Erratic Parasite

35
Q

is a free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host

A

Spurious Parasite

36
Q

Defined as an organism which harbors the parasite and provides nourishment

A

HOST

37
Q

It is usually larger, when compared to parasite

A

HOST

38
Q

Types of Hosts:

A
  1. Definitive or Final Host
  2. Intermediate Host
  3. Paratenic Host
  4. Reservoir Host
39
Q

is one in which the parasite attains sexual maturity (infective stage)

A

Definitive or Final Host

40
Q

harbors the asexual or larval stage of the parasite

A

Intermediate Host

41
Q

is one in which the parasite does not develop further to later stages. However, the parasite remains alive and is able to infect another susceptible host

A

Paratenic Host

42
Q

they allow the parasite’s life cycle to continue and become additional sources of human infection

A

Reservoir Host

43
Q

Life Cycles:

A
  1. Simple
  2. Complicated or Complex
44
Q

life cycle is completed inside one host (give ex)

A

Simple (Life Cycle)
Ex: Entamoeba histolytica and Ascaris lumbricoides

45
Q

parasite requiring two different host, one definitive and one or more intermediate host (give ex)

A

Complicated or Complex (Life Cycle)
Ex: Schistosoma (human & snail) and Leishmania donavani (human & sandfly)

46
Q

are responsible for transmitting the parasite from one host to another

A

Vectors

47
Q

transmits the parasite only after the latter has completed its development within the host. Therefore, it is an essential part of the parasite’s life cycle.

A

Biologic Vector

48
Q

non-essential; only transports the parasite

A

Mechanical or Phoretic Vector

49
Q

Two types of Vector:

A
  1. Biologic Vector
  2. Mechanical or Phoretic Vector
50
Q

is the natural abode of parasite species

A

Habitat

51
Q

Where is the habitat of E. histolytica?

A

Large Intestine (Cecum)

52
Q

Where is the habitat of Trichomonas tenax

A

Gingival crevices

53
Q

Attacks and kills to attain food

A

PREDATOR

54
Q

Portal of Entry:

A

Mouth
Skin
Sexual Contact
Kissing
Congenital
Inhalation
Iatrogenic
Ingestional

55
Q

from mother to fetus

A

Congenital

56
Q

Factors that Determine Intensity of Parasitic Infection:

A
  1. Topography or locality
  2. Faulty sanitary and hygienic measures
  3. Social condition
  4. Poverty
  5. Age
  6. Presence of intermediate host
  7. Custom of people
57
Q

HOW PARASITES DAMAGE HOST:

A
  1. Toxic or Lytic
  2. Traumatic
  3. Mechanical
  4. Migration to delicate organs
  5. Complicating factor
  6. Obstruction of food
  7. Irritative or inflammatory
  8. Excessive reproduction
  9. Specific pathogenicity
58
Q

refers to the resistance offered by the host towards injury caused by parasite

A

Immunity

59
Q

Types of Immunity:

A

Innate Immunity
Acquired Immunity
Concomitant Immunity

60
Q

refers to the resistance offered by the host towards injury caused by parasite

A

Immunity

61
Q

Type of immunity where it is inherited

A

Innate Immunity

62
Q

both AMI (antibody-mediated immunity) and CMI (cell-mediated immunity) plays a role in prevention

A

Acquired Immunity

63
Q

a host infected with a Schistosome resist reinfection with fresh cercariae at the same time maintains adult Schistosome

A

Concomitant Immunity

Parasitology (Lecture) (11 decks)

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