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Parasitology (Lecture) > Introduction to Parasitology II > Flashcards

Introduction to Parasitology II Flashcards

1
Q

lays immature eggs

A

Oviparous

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2
Q

Examples of Oviparous Parasite

A

Ascaris, Trichuris, Enterobius

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3
Q

lays mature eggs

A

Ovoviviparous

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4
Q

Examples of Ovoviviparous parasite

A

Schistosoma, Clonorchis

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5
Q

lays larva

A

Larviparous

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6
Q

Examples of Larviparous

A

Trichinella spiralis

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7
Q

Parasite according to sexes:

Hermaphroditic

A

Monoecious

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8
Q

Example of Monoecious

A

Flukes except Schistosoma

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9
Q

Parasite according to sexes:

Separate sexes

A

Dioecious

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10
Q

Examples of Dioecious

A

Schistosoma, Nematode

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11
Q

Parasite according to sexes:

Female parasites - self fertilization

A

Parthenogenic

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12
Q

Example of Parthenogenic

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

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13
Q

List all the parsites according to egg laying capacity

A

Oviparous
Ovoviviparous
Larviparous

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14
Q

List all the parasite according to sexes

A

Monoecious
Dioecious
Parthenogenic

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15
Q

It is the mature form in helminths

A

Adult

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16
Q

Immature form of a helminth

A

Larva

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17
Q

Usually the infective stage of a helminth, and is usually resistant

A

Egg/Ovum

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18
Q

It is the vegetative form of protozoans

A

Trophozoite

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19
Q

It is the resistant form of protozoans, usually the infective stage

A

Cyst

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20
Q

AKA Incidental host which doe snot anymore allow the life cycle of the parasite to continue

A

Dead-end host

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21
Q

Sources of Infection:

A

Arthropods
Animals
Another Person
Autoinfection

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22
Q

Sources of Infection: Arthropods

A

Mosquitos – malaria, filarial parasites
Triatoma bugs – Trypanosoma cruzi
Phlebotomus sandflies - Leishmania

23
Q

Sources of Infection: Animals

A

Cats – Toxoplasma
Dogs – Ancylostoma caninum
Rats – Hymenolepis nana

24
Q

Sources of Infection: Another Person

Asymptomatic carries of _____ working as food handlers

A

Entamoeba histolytica

25
Q

Mode of Transmission:

A

Soil Transmitted Helminths
Skin Penetration
Vector Borne
Food Borne
Water Borne
Vertical Transmission
Transmammary
Inhalation
Intimate Contact

26
Q

Example of Soil Transmitted Helminths

A

Hookworm
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris trichiura
Strongyloids stercoralis

27
Q

Examples of Mode of Transmission: Skin Penetration

A

Hookworm, Strongyloides, Schistosoma

28
Q

Examples of Mode of Transmission: Vector Borne

A

Filarial worms
Plasmodium
Babesia
Hemoflagellates

29
Q

Examples of Mode of Transmission: Food Borne

A

C. Philipinensis
E. ilocanum
Clonorchis
Opistorchis
Taenia
Fasciola

30
Q

Examples of Mode of Transmission: Water Borne

A

G. lamblia
Cryptosporidium
E. histolytica

31
Q

Examples of Mode of Transmission: Vertical Transmission

A

Toxoplasma gondii

32
Q

Examples of Mode of Transmission: Transmammary

A

Ancylostoma
Strongyloides

33
Q

Examples of Mode of Transmission: Inhalation

A

E. vermicularis

34
Q

Examples of Mode of Transmission: Intimate Contact

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

35
Q

Effects of the Parasite on the Host:

A
  1. Interference with the vital processes of the host
  2. Invasion and destruction of host tissue.
  3. Deprivation of host’s essential nutrients and substances
36
Q

Effects of the Host on the Parasite:

A
  1. Genetic make-up
  2. Diet rich in protein – X Protozoans
  3. Low-protein diet - √ Amebiasis
37
Q

Parts of Protozoa:

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Outer limiting membrane
Organelles
Locomotory apparatus (Cilia, flagella, and pseudopodia)
Apical Complex

38
Q

Wet environment of Protozoa:

A

Feeding
Locomotion
Osmoregulation
Reproduction

39
Q

Kingdom Protista of Protozoa:

A

divided into several phyla, but the major organisms causing disease in man belong to Phylum

40
Q

Cestodes: Pseudophyllidea or Cyclophyllidea

Spatulate scolex with sucking grooves (bothria)

A

Pseudophyllidea

41
Q

Cestodes: Pseudophyllidea or Cyclophyllidea

Globular with four muscular suckers.

A

Cyclophyllidea

42
Q

Cestodes: Pseudophyllidea or Cyclophyllidea

Genital pores (uterine pore)

A

Pseudophyllidea

43
Q

Cestodes: Pseudophyllidea or Cyclophyllidea

Genital pores (apolysis)

A

Cyclophyllidea

44
Q

Cestodes: Pseudophyllidea or Cyclophyllidea

Eggs and segments are recovered from the patients

A

Pseudophyllidea

45
Q

Cestodes: Pseudophyllidea or Cyclophyllidea

Segments may not be found.

A

Cyclophyllidea

46
Q

Cestodes: Pseudophyllidea or Cyclophyllidea

Operculated and immature eggs = coracidium

A

Pseudophyllidea

47
Q

Cestodes: Pseudophyllidea or Cyclophyllidea

Non-operculated eggs are passed out readily, containing the hexacanth embryo

A

Cyclophyllidea

48
Q

Cestodes: Pseudophyllidea or Cyclophyllidea

Worms generally require two intermediate hosts in their life cycle.

A

Pseudophyllidea;

First intermediate (procercoid larvae)
Second intermediate host (plerocercoid larvae)

49
Q

Cestodes: Pseudophyllidea or Cyclophyllidea

Worms require only one intermediate host

A

Cyclophyllidea

50
Q

Examples of Pseudophyllidea

A

Diphyllobothrium, Spirometra

51
Q

Examples of Cyclophyllidea

A

Taenia (cysticercus type),
Hymenolepis (cysticercoid type),
Dipylidium (cysticercoid type),
Raillietina (cysticercoid type),
Echinococcus spp. (hydatid)

52
Q

Parts of Trematodes (flukes)

A

Oral sucker, and a ventral sucker (acetabulum), and third sucker (genital sucker or gonotyl)

53
Q

Trematodes requires _________ hosts in their life cycle.

A

2 intermediate hosts

54
Q

What is the infective stage of Trematodes

A

encysted larva and the metacercaria

Parasitology (Lecture) (11 decks)

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