Intestinal nematodes (PPT lecture) Flashcards
1
Q
referred to as round worms
A
Phylum Nematoda
2
Q
bilaterally symmetrical helminths from the Greek work : ”nemat means thread”
A
Phylum Nematoda
3
Q
elongated cylindrical bodies w/ complete digestive tract
A
Phylum Nematoda
4
Q
with sensory chemoreceptor
A
Phasmids
5
Q
with sensory chemoreceptor
A
Phylum Nematoda
6
Q
means only one host
A
homexenous
7
Q
means more than one host
A
heteroxenous
8
Q
What is the usual cycle of phylum nematoda?
A
egg stage - larval stage - adult stage
9
Q
Roundworm Infection can be acquired by means of the following:
A
- ingestion of fully embryonated ova
- ingestion of encysted larva
- larval skin penetration
- bites of arthropod vectors/skin inoculation
10
Q
Classification of Roundworms:
A
According life stages
According to habitat
According to the presence or
absence of caudal chemoreceptor
11
Q
Classification based on laying eggs or lava:
A
- Oviparous
- Viviparous
- Ovoviviparous
12
Q
Under oviparous:
A
i) eggs with segmented ovum
ii) eggs with unsegmented ovum
iii) eggs with unsegmented ovum with mucus plug at both ends
iv) eggs containing larva
13
Q
Examples of eggs with segmented ovum:
A
hookworm, Trichostrongylus species
14
Q
Examples of egg with unsegmented ovum:
A
Ascaris species
15
Q
Eggs with unsegmented ovum with mucus plug at both ends:
A
Trichuris species
16
Q
Egg containing larva:
A
Enterobius species
17
Q
Female worms directly give birth to larvae; there is no egg stage - filarial worm.
A
Viviparous
18
Q
Examples of viviparous
A
filarial worm, Trichinella species, Dracuncular species
19
Q
Female worms lay eggs that immediately hatch out
A
Ovoviviparous
20
Q
Examples of Ovoviviparous:
A
Strongyloides species
21
Q
Parasites that inhabits the small intestine:
A
Capillaria philippinensis
Ascaris lumbricoides
Strongyloides stercoralis
Hookworms
22
Q
Parasites that inhabits the large intestine
A
Trichuris trichiura
Enterobius vermicularis
23
Q
Parasites that are phasmids:
A
Ascaris lumbricoides
Strongyloides stercoralis
Hookworms
Enterobius vermicularis
24
Q
Parasites that are aphasmids:
A
Trichuris trichiura
Trichinella spiralis
Capillaria philippinensis
25
Also known as whipworm
Trichuris trichiura
26
Male of t. trichiura is ____ mm and slightly shorter than female
30-45
27
Male of t. trichiura has a _______ with a _____ and ______
coiled posterior end
Single spicule
retractile sheath
28
Female of T. trichiura is _______ mm long and has a _________ posterior end
35-50
bluntly rounded posterior end
29
female of t. trichiura lays approximately how many eggs
3,000 - 10,000 egg/day
30
the eggs of t. trichiura measures ______ um long
50-54 long by 23 um
31
Its egg is lemon shaped w/ plug-like translucent polar
prominences
Trichuris trichiura
32
Its egg has a yellowish outer & transparent inner shell
Trichuris trichiura
33
Pathogenesis & clinical manifestations:
- petechial hemorrhages
- the mucosa is hyperemic & edematous
- those w/ more than 20,000
eggs/gm of feces often develop severe diarrhea or dysenteric syndrome
- enterorrhagia is common
- rectal prolapse
Trichuris trichiura
34
Diagnosis of T. trichiura
- DFS
- kato cellophane thick smear
- kato-katz technique (quantitative method)
- acid-ether/formalin-ether
35
Treatment of T. trichiura
Albendazole and Mebendazole
36
Prevention and Control for T. trichiura (5)
- treatment of infected individuals
- sanitary disposal of human feces
- washing of hands w/ soap & water
- health education
- thorough washing & scalding of uncooked vegetables
37
tiny nematode residing in the small intestine
Capillaria philippinensis
38
Male worm of C. philippinensis is ____ mm and female is ______ mm
male: 1.5 - 3.9 mm
female: 2.3 - 5.3 mm
39
Its male spicule is 230 - 300 um long, unspined sheath
Capillaria philippinensis
40
thin filamentous anterior end & a slightly thicker & shorter posterior end
Capillaria philippinensis
41
peanut-shaped egg w/ flattened bipolar plugs
Capillaria philippinensis
42
Pathogenesis & clinical manifestations:
borborygmus, abdominal pains, gurgling stomach, diarrhea weight loss, malaise, anorexia, vomiting & edema
Capillaria philippinensis
43
Diagnosis for Capillaria philippinensis
- finding the characteristic eggs in the feces (DFS)
- doudenal aspiration
44
Treatment for Capillaria Philippinensis:
- electrolyte replacement & high CHON diet
- mebendazole 200mg/day for 20 days
- albendazole 400 mg once a day for 10 days
45
Prevention and Control for C. philippinensis (4):
- avoid eating raw fish
- good sanitary practices
- proper waste disposal
- educational programs
46
whitish in color, 1.5-3.5mm by 0.04-0.06mm
Trichinella spiralis
47
male is 1.5mm by 0.04 mm has a single testes
Trichinella spiralis
48
female is 3.5mm by 0.06n mm has a single ovary, oviduct, seminal receptacle, a coiled uterus, vagina & vulva, produce 1,500 larvae or more in her lifetime
Trichinella spiralis
49
larva 80-120um by 5.6 um at birth reaches 900-1,300um by 35-40um after it enters a muscle fiber it has a spear-like burrowing anterior tip
Trichinella spiralis
50
Pathogenesis & clinical manifestations:
-severity of symptoms depend on the intensity of infection
- 10 larvae are usually asymptomatic
- 100 or more larvae show symptoms
- 1000/more larvae is severe & even fata
Trichinella spiralis
51
Phase and stages of infection of T. spiralis
1. Enteric phase
2. Invasion phase stage
3. Convalescent phase
52
Phase and stages of infection of T. spiralis:
Incubation period and larval migration
Enteric phase
53
Phase and stages of infection of T. spiralis:
Intestinal invasion stage
Invasion phase stage
54
Phase and stages of infection of T. spiralis:
Encystment stage
Convalescent phase
55
Phase and stages of infection of T. spiralis:
diarrhea/constipation, vomiting, abdominal cramps, malaise & nausea
Enteric phase
56
Phase and stages of infection of T. spiralis:
fever, facial edema, urticaria, pain, swelling and weakness
Invasion phase
57
Phase and stages of infection of T. spiralis:
fever, weakness, pain & other symptoms
Convalescent phase
58
Diagnosis for T. spiralis:
- biochemical test
- high counts of peripheral blood eosinophilia
- serology
- muscle biopsy (definitive diagnosis)
59
Treatment for T. spiralis:
- thiabendazole 2x a day for 7 days
- mebendazole 6 hourly for 10-14 day
60
Prevention & control of T.spiralis
-meat should be cooked @ 770C
- freezing -150C for 20 days or -300C for 6 days
- meat inspection & keeping pigs in rat-free
pens
- health education
61
human pinworm
Enterobius vermicularis
62
causes enterobiasis/oxyuriasis,
characterized by perianal
itching/pruritus ani
Enterobius vermicularis
62
female adult worm of Enterobius vermicularis is _____ by ______
8-13 mm by 0.4 mm
62
characteristics of a female adult worm
prominent
esophageal bulb & long
pointed tail
63
Male Enterobius vermicularis is ____ by ____
male is 2-5mm by 0.1-0.2 mm
64
characteristics of a male Enterobius vermicularis
curved tail & single
spicule
65
rhabditiform larva of Enterobius vermicularis is _____ by ______
140-150um by 10um
66
(Enterobius) asymetrical eggs w/ one
side flattened & the other
side convex ______ by ______
50-60um by
20-30um
67
(Enterobius) single female lays from
4,672-16,888 eggs/ day
(average: 11,105 eggs)
68
Pathogenesis & clinical
manifestations of Enterobius vermicularis
- mild catarrhal inflammation of the
intestinal mucosa
- irratation of the perianal region
- intense itching
- insomia due to the pruritus
- poor appetite , weight loss,
irritability, grinding of teeth & abdominal pain
69
Diagnosis of Enterobius vermicularis
graham’s scotch adhesive tape swab
70
Treatment of Enterobius vermicularis
-albendazole 400mg single dose
- mebendazole 500mg single dose
- pyrantel w/ 2nd dose 2-4 weeks later
71
Prevention and control of Enterobius vermicularis
- personal hygiene
- proper hand washing
- infected person should sleep alone
72
large roundworm, normally located in the small intestine.
Ascaris lumbricoides
73
mature worms is cylindrical with tapering ends.
Ascaris lumbricoides
74
creamy white to light brown in color.
Ascaris lumbricoides
75
Female ascaris measures _______ and ______
female measures 20-35 cm long & 3-6mm wide.
76
smaller male Ascaris lumbricoides measures ________ and _______ and has a _________
male is smaller 12-31 cm long & 2-4 mm wide & has a curved tail
77
the head has 3 lips with minute teeth or
denticles
Ascaris lumbricoides
78
it has a thick cuticle.
Ascaris lumbricoides
79
male has 2 broad spicules.
Ascaris lumbricoides
80
female vulva opens at the junction of the anterior & the middle thirds of the body
Ascaris lumbricoides
81
the fertilized egg is brownish, ovoid, 60-70 x 30-50um.
Ascaris Lumbricoides
82
size of unfertilized egg of Ascaris Lumbricoides
88-94 x 40-44um
83
What is the distribution of Ascaris Lumbricoides ?
Cosmopolitan
84
ectopic migration (appendix, bile duct, pancreatic duct).
Ascaris Lumbricoides
85
Diagnosis of Ascaris Lumbricoides
- detection of ascaris eggs in the feces.
- adult worm are visualized in the intestines by barium
meal examination
86
Treatment of Ascaris Lumbricoides
-Mebendazole 1 tab 2x/day for 3 days
-Albendazole single dose 400 mg
-Pyrantel pamoate single dose of 10mg/kg body weight
87
Prevention and Control of Ascaris Lumbricoides
- mass chemotherapy
- environmental sanitation
- improvements in housing
- eating cooked food
- proper hand washing
- good personal hygiene
