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Step 1 - Microbiology > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gastrointestinal Protozoa

A
  1. Giardia lamblia
  2. Entamoeba histolytica
  3. Cryptosporidium
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2
Q

Treatment against Giardiasis

A

Metronidazole

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3
Q

Giardiasis symptoms and signs

A
  1. Bloating, flatulence

2. Smelling, fatty diarrhea

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4
Q

Campers, hickers

A

Giardiasis

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5
Q

Entamoeba histolytica causes

A

Amebiasis

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6
Q

Amebiasis signs

A
  1. Bloody diarrhea: dysentery
  2. Liver abscess: anchovy paste exudate
  3. RUQ pain
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7
Q

Histology of amebiasis

A

Flask-shaped ulcer

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8
Q

Amebiasis treatment

A

Metronidazole + Paromomycin

Asymptomatic: Paromomycin/Iodoquinol

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9
Q

Severe diarrhea in AIDS

A

Cryptosporidium

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10
Q

Engulfed RBC

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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11
Q

Protozoa that cause CNS infections

A
  1. Toxoplasma gondii
  2. Naegleria fowleri
  3. Trypanosoma bruceii
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12
Q

Congenital toxoplasmosis triad

A
  1. Chorioretinitis
  2. Hydrocephalus
  3. Intracranial calcifications
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13
Q

Brain abscesses seen as multiple ring enhancing lesions on MRI

A

Toxoplasmosis reactivation in AIDS

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14
Q

Treatment against toxoplasmosis

A

Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine

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15
Q

Naegleria fowleri causes

A

Rapid fatal meningoencephalitis

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16
Q

Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii

A

Cysts in meat
Oocysts in cat feces
Crosses placenta

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17
Q

Transmission of Naegleria fowleri

A

Swimming in freshwater lakes: enters via cribiform plate

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18
Q

Treatment against Naegleria fowleri

A

Amphotericin B

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19
Q

Diagnosis of Naegleria fowleri

A

Amoebas in spinal fluid

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20
Q

African sleeping sickness is caused by

A

Trypanosoma brucei

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21
Q

Transmission of African sleeping sickness

A

Tsé-tsé fly: painful bite

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22
Q

Subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei

A
  • rhodesiense

- gambiense

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23
Q

African sleeping sickness findings

A
  • Enlarged lymph nodes
  • Recurring fever: antigenic variation
  • Somnolence
  • Coma
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24
Q

Diagnosis of African sleeping sickness

A

Trypomastigote in blood smear

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25
Q

Protozoa that cause hematologic infections

A
  1. Plasmodium

2. Babesia

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26
Q

Transmision of malaria

A

Anopheles mosquito

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27
Q

P.vivax/ovale cycle

A

48 hour cycle: tertian malaria

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28
Q

Hypnozoites on liver

A

P.vivax/ovale

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29
Q

P.falciparum fever pattern

A

Irregular

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30
Q

Parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in brain

A

P falciparum: cerebral malaria

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31
Q

Quartan malaria

A

P malariae

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32
Q

Diagnosis of malaria

A

Blood smear: ring form within RBC

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33
Q

Treatment vs Malaria

A

Chloroquine (if sensitive)
Mefloquine
Atovaquone-proguanil

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34
Q

Life threatening malaria: treatment

A

IV quinidine or artesunate

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35
Q

Before treatment with artesunate or primaquine

A

Test for G6PD deficiency

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36
Q

Chloroquine mechanism of action

A

Blocks heme polymerase

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37
Q

Babesiosis SyS

A

Fever

Hemolytic anemia

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38
Q

Babesiosis occurs mainly in

A

Northeastern United States

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39
Q

_____ is a Risk factor for babesiosis

A

Asplenia

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40
Q

Babesia’s vector is

A

Ixodes trick: may coinfect with Borrelia burgdorferi

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41
Q

Maltese cross in Blood smear

A

Babesiosis

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42
Q

Babesia treatment

A

Atovaquone + Azithromycin

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43
Q

Protozoa that cause visceral infections

A
  1. Trypanosoma cruzi

2. Leishmania donovani

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44
Q

Chagas disease is caused by

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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45
Q

Chagas disease SyS

A

1- Dilated cardiomyopathy

  1. Apical atrophy of the heart
  2. Megacolon
  3. Megaesophagus
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46
Q

Romaña sign

A

Unilateral periorbital swelling in acute stage of Chagas disease where Reduviid bug deposited feces and bite

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47
Q

Transmission of Chagas disease

A

Reduviid bug: kissing bug: feces, deposited in painless bite

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48
Q

Treatment against Chagas disease

A

Benznidazole

Nifurtimox if allergy

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49
Q

Chagas Diagnosis

A

Trypomastigote in Blood smear

50
Q

Leishmania donovani produces

A
  1. Visceral leishmaniasis

2. Cutaneous leishmaniasis

51
Q

Kala azar

A

Visceral leishmaniasis:

  • Spiking fevers
  • Hepatosplenomegaly
  • PANcytopenia
52
Q

Leishmania is transmitted via

A

Sandfly

53
Q

Protozoa that cause Sexually transmitted infections

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

54
Q

Foul-smelling, greenish discharge

A

Trichomonas vaginalis: vaginitis

55
Q

Vaginosis

A

Gardnerella vaginallis

56
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis transmission

A

STD

57
Q

Strawberry cervix

A

Trichomonas vaginallis

58
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis diagnoses

A

Trophozoites (motile) on wet mount

Strawberry cervix

59
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis treatment

A

Metronidazole for patient and partner

60
Q

Ingested nematode infections

A 
EATT:
Enterobius vermicularis
Ascaris lumbricoides
Toxocara
Trichinella
61
Q

Cutaneous nematode infections

A

SANd
Strongyloides
Ancylostoma
Necator

62
Q

Bites nematode infections

A

LOW
Loa Loa
Onchocerca volvulus
Wuchereria bancrofti

63
Q

Immune response to helminths

A

Eosinophils act by type I and II hypersensitivity reactions

64
Q

Roundworms

A

Nematodes

65
Q

Tapeworms

A

Cestodes

66
Q

Flukes

A

Trematodes

67
Q

Diagnosis of enterobius vermicularis

A

Tape Test (Graham)

68
Q

Enterobius vermicularis treatment

A

Pyrantel pamoate

Bendazoles

69
Q

Cause obstruction at:
-Ileocecal valve
-Biliary
Cause intestinal perforation

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

70
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis treatment

A

Ivermectin

71
Q

Larvae in soil penetrate skin

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

72
Q

Serpiginous rash from waling barefoot on contaminated beach

A

Cutaneous larva migrans (Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus)

73
Q

Cause anemia by sucking blood from intestinal wall

A

Hookworms:
Ancylostoma duodenale
Necator americanus

74
Q

Hookworms treatment

A

Pyrantel pamoate
Bedazoles
=Enterobius vermicularis

75
Q

Trichinella spirallis is transmitted through

A

Undercooked pork

76
Q

Trichinosis

A 
Fever
Vomiting
Nausea
Periorbital edema
Myalgia
77
Q

Encyst in muscle

A

Trichinella spiralis

78
Q

Trichinella treatment

A

Bendazoles

79
Q

Whipworm

A

Trichuris trichura

80
Q

Trichuris trichura SyS

A

Asymptomatic
Loose stools
Anemia

81
Q

Rectal prolapse in children

A

Trichuris trichiura

82
Q

Visceral larva migrans

A

Toxocara canis

83
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans

A

Ancylostoma or Necator

84
Q

Visceral larva migrans history

A 
Migrate to blood through intestinal wall: inflammation and damage
Myocarditis
Liver
Eyes: blindness
CNS: seizures, coma
85
Q

Onchocerca volvulus produces

A

River blindness

86
Q

Onchocerca volvulus triple black

A
  1. Black flies: female blackfly
  2. Black skin nodules
  3. Black sight: blindness
87
Q

Treatment for river blindness (Onchocerca volvulus)

A

Ivermectin

88
Q

Worm in conjunctiva

A

Loa loa

89
Q

Treatment against Loa Loa

A

Diethylcarbamazine

90
Q

Elephantiasis is caused by

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

91
Q

Symptom onset of Elephantiasis

A

9mo - 1 year

92
Q

Treatment against Elephantiasis

A

Diethilcarbamazine

93
Q

Diethilcarbamazine is used as treatment against

A

Loa loa

Wuchereria bancrofti

94
Q

Cestodes

A
  1. Taenia solium
  2. Diphyllobothrium latum
  3. Echinococcus granulosus
95
Q

Ingestion of taenia solium larvae encysted in undercooked pork

A

Intestinal tapeworm

96
Q

Ingestion of taenia solium eggs in food contaminated with human feces

A

Cysticercosis

Neurocysticercosis

97
Q

Neurocysticercosis treatment

A

Albendazole

98
Q

Cysticercosis and intestinal tapeworm treatment

A

Praziquantel

99
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency is produced by

A

Diphyllobothrium latum: competes for B12 in intestine

100
Q

Hydatic cysts in liver

A

Echinococcus granulosus

101
Q

Cyst rupture can cause anaphylaxis

A

Echinococcus granulosus

102
Q

Transmission of Echinococcus granulosus

A

Ingestion of eggs in food contaminated with dog feces

Sheep are an intermediate host

103
Q

Treatment against Echinococcus granulosus

A

Albendazole

104
Q

Trematodes

A
  1. Schistosoma

2. Clonorchis sinensis

105
Q

Schistosoma mansoni has egg with

A

Lateral spine

106
Q

Schistosoma haematobium has egg with

A

Terminal spine

107
Q

Chronic infectium with schistosoma haematobium can lead to

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder

108
Q

S mansoni causes

A

Liver and spleen enlargement

109
Q

Clonorchis sinensis produces

A

Biliary tract inflammation

110
Q

Clonorchis sinensis is associated with

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

111
Q

Transmission of clonorchis sinensis

A

Undercooked fish

112
Q

Ectoparasites

A
  1. Sarcoptes scabei

2. Phthirus pubis/Pediculus humanus

113
Q

Pruritus (worse at night)

Serpiginous lines in webspace of hands and feet

A

Scabies

114
Q

Treatment of scabies

A

Permethrin cream

Washing/drying all clothing and bedding

115
Q

Phthirus pubis

A

Blood sucking lice
Head lice
Body lice

116
Q

Lice can transmit

A

Ricketssia prowazekki: epidemic typhus
Borrelia recurrentis: relapsing fever
Bartonella quintana: trench fever

117
Q

Treatment against Pediculus humanus (Lice)

A

Pyrethoids
Malathion
Ivermectin lotion
Combing of nits

118
Q

Portal hypertension

A

Schistosoma mansoni and japonicum

119
Q

Myalgias and periorbital edema

A

Trichinella spiralis

120
Q

Hematuria and squamos cell bladder cancer

A

Schistosoma haematobium

121
Q

Microcytic anemia

A

Ancylostoma, Necator: blood suckers

Step 1 - Microbiology (7 decks)

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