Parasitology Flashcards
1
Q
Gastrointestinal Protozoa
A
- Giardia lamblia
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Cryptosporidium
2
Q
Treatment against Giardiasis
A
Metronidazole
3
Q
Giardiasis symptoms and signs
A
- Bloating, flatulence
2. Smelling, fatty diarrhea
4
Q
Campers, hickers
A
Giardiasis
5
Q
Entamoeba histolytica causes
A
Amebiasis
6
Q
Amebiasis signs
A
- Bloody diarrhea: dysentery
- Liver abscess: anchovy paste exudate
- RUQ pain
7
Q
Histology of amebiasis
A
Flask-shaped ulcer
8
Q
Amebiasis treatment
A
Metronidazole + Paromomycin
Asymptomatic: Paromomycin/Iodoquinol
9
Q
Severe diarrhea in AIDS
A
Cryptosporidium
10
Q
Engulfed RBC
A
Entamoeba histolytica
11
Q
Protozoa that cause CNS infections
A
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Naegleria fowleri
- Trypanosoma bruceii
12
Q
Congenital toxoplasmosis triad
A
- Chorioretinitis
- Hydrocephalus
- Intracranial calcifications
13
Q
Brain abscesses seen as multiple ring enhancing lesions on MRI
A
Toxoplasmosis reactivation in AIDS
14
Q
Treatment against toxoplasmosis
A
Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine
15
Q
Naegleria fowleri causes
A
Rapid fatal meningoencephalitis
16
Q
Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii
A
Cysts in meat
Oocysts in cat feces
Crosses placenta
17
Q
Transmission of Naegleria fowleri
A
Swimming in freshwater lakes: enters via cribiform plate
18
Q
Treatment against Naegleria fowleri
A
Amphotericin B
19
Q
Diagnosis of Naegleria fowleri
A
Amoebas in spinal fluid
20
Q
African sleeping sickness is caused by
A
Trypanosoma brucei
21
Q
Transmission of African sleeping sickness
A
Tsé-tsé fly: painful bite
22
Q
Subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei
A
- rhodesiense
- gambiense
23
Q
African sleeping sickness findings
A
- Enlarged lymph nodes
- Recurring fever: antigenic variation
- Somnolence
- Coma
24
Q
Diagnosis of African sleeping sickness
A
Trypomastigote in blood smear
25
Protozoa that cause hematologic infections
1. Plasmodium
| 2. Babesia
26
Transmision of malaria
Anopheles mosquito
27
P.vivax/ovale cycle
48 hour cycle: tertian malaria
28
Hypnozoites on liver
P.vivax/ovale
29
P.falciparum fever pattern
Irregular
30
Parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in brain
P falciparum: cerebral malaria
31
Quartan malaria
P malariae
32
Diagnosis of malaria
Blood smear: ring form within RBC
33
Treatment vs Malaria
Chloroquine (if sensitive)
Mefloquine
Atovaquone-proguanil
34
Life threatening malaria: treatment
IV quinidine or artesunate
35
Before treatment with artesunate or primaquine
Test for G6PD deficiency
36
Chloroquine mechanism of action
Blocks heme polymerase
37
Babesiosis SyS
Fever
| Hemolytic anemia
38
Babesiosis occurs mainly in
Northeastern United States
39
_____ is a Risk factor for babesiosis
Asplenia
40
Babesia's vector is
Ixodes trick: may coinfect with Borrelia burgdorferi
41
Maltese cross in Blood smear
Babesiosis
42
Babesia treatment
Atovaquone + Azithromycin
43
Protozoa that cause visceral infections
1. Trypanosoma cruzi
| 2. Leishmania donovani
44
Chagas disease is caused by
Trypanosoma cruzi
45
Chagas disease SyS
1- Dilated cardiomyopathy
2. Apical atrophy of the heart
3. Megacolon
4. Megaesophagus
46
Romaña sign
Unilateral periorbital swelling in acute stage of Chagas disease where Reduviid bug deposited feces and bite
47
Transmission of Chagas disease
Reduviid bug: kissing bug: feces, deposited in painless bite
48
Treatment against Chagas disease
Benznidazole
| Nifurtimox if allergy
49
Chagas Diagnosis
Trypomastigote in Blood smear
50
Leishmania donovani produces
1. Visceral leishmaniasis
| 2. Cutaneous leishmaniasis
51
Kala azar
Visceral leishmaniasis:
- Spiking fevers
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- PANcytopenia
52
Leishmania is transmitted via
Sandfly
53
Protozoa that cause Sexually transmitted infections
Trichomonas vaginalis
54
Foul-smelling, greenish discharge
Trichomonas vaginalis: vaginitis
55
Vaginosis
Gardnerella vaginallis
56
Trichomonas vaginalis transmission
STD
57
Strawberry cervix
Trichomonas vaginallis
58
Trichomonas vaginalis diagnoses
Trophozoites (motile) on wet mount
| Strawberry cervix
59
Trichomonas vaginalis treatment
Metronidazole for patient and partner
60
Ingested nematode infections
```
EATT:
Enterobius vermicularis
Ascaris lumbricoides
Toxocara
Trichinella
```
61
Cutaneous nematode infections
SANd
Strongyloides
Ancylostoma
Necator
62
Bites nematode infections
LOW
Loa Loa
Onchocerca volvulus
Wuchereria bancrofti
63
Immune response to helminths
Eosinophils act by type I and II hypersensitivity reactions
64
Roundworms
Nematodes
65
Tapeworms
Cestodes
66
Flukes
Trematodes
67
Diagnosis of enterobius vermicularis
Tape Test (Graham)
68
Enterobius vermicularis treatment
Pyrantel pamoate
| Bendazoles
69
Cause obstruction at:
-Ileocecal valve
-Biliary
Cause intestinal perforation
Ascaris lumbricoides
70
Strongyloides stercoralis treatment
Ivermectin
71
Larvae in soil penetrate skin
Strongyloides stercoralis
72
Serpiginous rash from waling barefoot on contaminated beach
Cutaneous larva migrans (Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus)
73
Cause anemia by sucking blood from intestinal wall
Hookworms:
Ancylostoma duodenale
Necator americanus
74
Hookworms treatment
Pyrantel pamoate
Bedazoles
=Enterobius vermicularis
75
Trichinella spirallis is transmitted through
Undercooked pork
76
Trichinosis
```
Fever
Vomiting
Nausea
Periorbital edema
Myalgia
```
77
Encyst in muscle
Trichinella spiralis
78
Trichinella treatment
Bendazoles
79
Whipworm
Trichuris trichura
80
Trichuris trichura SyS
Asymptomatic
Loose stools
Anemia
81
Rectal prolapse in children
Trichuris trichiura
82
Visceral larva migrans
Toxocara canis
83
Cutaneous larva migrans
Ancylostoma or Necator
84
Visceral larva migrans history
```
Migrate to blood through intestinal wall: inflammation and damage
Myocarditis
Liver
Eyes: blindness
CNS: seizures, coma
```
85
Onchocerca volvulus produces
River blindness
86
Onchocerca volvulus triple black
1. Black flies: female blackfly
2. Black skin nodules
3. Black sight: blindness
87
Treatment for river blindness (Onchocerca volvulus)
Ivermectin
88
Worm in conjunctiva
Loa loa
89
Treatment against Loa Loa
Diethylcarbamazine
90
Elephantiasis is caused by
Wuchereria bancrofti
91
Symptom onset of Elephantiasis
9mo - 1 year
92
Treatment against Elephantiasis
Diethilcarbamazine
93
Diethilcarbamazine is used as treatment against
Loa loa
| Wuchereria bancrofti
94
Cestodes
1. Taenia solium
2. Diphyllobothrium latum
3. Echinococcus granulosus
95
Ingestion of taenia solium larvae encysted in undercooked pork
Intestinal tapeworm
96
Ingestion of taenia solium eggs in food contaminated with human feces
Cysticercosis
| Neurocysticercosis
97
Neurocysticercosis treatment
Albendazole
98
Cysticercosis and intestinal tapeworm treatment
Praziquantel
99
Vitamin B12 deficiency is produced by
Diphyllobothrium latum: competes for B12 in intestine
100
Hydatic cysts in liver
Echinococcus granulosus
101
Cyst rupture can cause anaphylaxis
Echinococcus granulosus
102
Transmission of Echinococcus granulosus
Ingestion of eggs in food contaminated with dog feces
| Sheep are an intermediate host
103
Treatment against Echinococcus granulosus
Albendazole
104
Trematodes
1. Schistosoma
| 2. Clonorchis sinensis
105
Schistosoma mansoni has egg with
Lateral spine
106
Schistosoma haematobium has egg with
Terminal spine
107
Chronic infectium with schistosoma haematobium can lead to
Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
108
S mansoni causes
Liver and spleen enlargement
109
Clonorchis sinensis produces
Biliary tract inflammation
110
Clonorchis sinensis is associated with
Cholangiocarcinoma
111
Transmission of clonorchis sinensis
Undercooked fish
112
Ectoparasites
1. Sarcoptes scabei
| 2. Phthirus pubis/Pediculus humanus
113
Pruritus (worse at night)
| Serpiginous lines in webspace of hands and feet
Scabies
114
Treatment of scabies
Permethrin cream
| Washing/drying all clothing and bedding
115
Phthirus pubis
Blood sucking lice
Head lice
Body lice
116
Lice can transmit
Ricketssia prowazekki: epidemic typhus
Borrelia recurrentis: relapsing fever
Bartonella quintana: trench fever
117
Treatment against Pediculus humanus (Lice)
Pyrethoids
Malathion
Ivermectin lotion
Combing of nits
118
Portal hypertension
Schistosoma mansoni and japonicum
119
Myalgias and periorbital edema
Trichinella spiralis
120
Hematuria and squamos cell bladder cancer
Schistosoma haematobium
121
Microcytic anemia
Ancylostoma, Necator: blood suckers
