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Step 1 - Microbiology > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Systemic mycoses can cause

A

Pneumonia and can disseminate

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2
Q

Systemic mycoses are caused by

A

Dimorphic fungi:
-Cold=mold 20ºC
-Heat=Yeast 37ºC
Exception= Coccidioides: spherule in tissue

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3
Q

Systemic mycoses vs TBC

A

Can form granulomas like TBC

CANNOT be transmitted person-to-person (unlike TBC)

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4
Q

Systemic mycoses diseases

A
  1. Histoplasmosis
  2. Blastomycosis
  3. Coccidiomycosis
  4. Paracoccidioidomycosis
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5
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis is endemic in

A

Latin America

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6
Q

Bird or Bat droppings

A

Histoplasmosis

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7
Q

Histoplasma hides in

A

Macrophages (histoplasma smaller than RBC)

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8
Q

Palatal/tongue ulcers + splenomegaly

A

Histoplasmosis

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9
Q

Blastomycosis unique signs/symptoms

A
  1. Inflammatory Lung disease –>skin,bone
  2. Verrucous skin lesions: Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  3. Granulomatous nodules
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10
Q

Broad base budding

A

Blastomycosis

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11
Q

Much larger than RBC

A

Spherules of Coccidioidomycosis

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12
Q

Coccidioidomycosis unique signs/symptoms

A
  1. Disseminates to skin/bone
  2. Erythema nodosum (desert bumps) or multiforme
  3. Arthralgias: desert rheumatism
  4. Can cause meningitis
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13
Q

Captain’s wheel formation

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

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14
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis sex distribution

A

Males >Females

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15
Q

Tinea

A

Dermatophyte (cutaneous fungal) infections

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16
Q

Tinea pedis varietis

A
  1. Interdigital: most common
  2. Moccasin distribution
  3. Vesicular type
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17
Q

Tinea versicolor is caused by

A

Malassezia spp (not a dermatophyte)

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18
Q

Dermatophytes are associated with

A

Pruritus

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19
Q

Pityriasis versicolor appereance on microscopy

A

Spaghetti and meatballs

20
Q

Tratment against

A

Spaghetti and meatballs

21
Q

Malassezia damages melanocytes producing

A

Hypopigmented, hyperpigmented patches

22
Q

Dermatophytes stain

A

Branching septate hyphae visible on KOH preparation with blue fungal stain

23
Q

Opportunistic fungal infections

A
  1. Candida albicans
  2. Aspergillus fumigatus
  3. Cryptococcus neoformans
  4. Mucor and Rhizopus spp.
  5. Pneumocystis jirovecii
24
Q

Candida albicans causes _____ in IV drug users

A

Endocarditis

25
Treatment against Candida albicans
Vaginal: Oral fluconazole/topical azole Oral/Esophageal: Nystatin, fluconazole or caspofungin Systemic: Amphotericin B
26
Branching in Aspergillus fumigatus
45º Acute Angle (A)spergillus
27
Invasive aspergillosis
Immunocompromised | Chronic Granulomatous disease
28
Aspergilomas
Pre-existing lung cavities | Especially after TBC infection
29
Some species of Aspergillus produce _____ which are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma
Aflatoxins
30
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Hypersensitivity response to Aspergillus. It occurs most often in people with asthma or cystic fibrosis
31
Specific test for detection of Cryptococcus neoformans
Latex agglutination test
32
Cryptococcus neoformans causes
1. Cryptococcosis 2. Cryptococcal meningitis 3. Cryptococcal encephalitis In immunocompromised
33
Highlighted with India ink
Cryptococcus neoformans
34
Soap bubble lesions in brain
Cryptococcal encephalitis
35
Treatment against Cryptococcus neoformans
Amphotericin B + 5-Flucytosine | Followed by fluconazole for cryptococcal meningitis
36
Branching at wide angles
Mucro and Rhizopus
37
Mucormycosis causes disease mostly in
Ketoacidotic diabetic | Neutropenic patients
38
Treatment against mucormycosis
Surgical Debridement | Amphotericin B
39
Rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscess
Mucormycosis
40
Dx of Pneumocystis jirovecii
Lung biopsy or lavage: disc-shaped yeast seen on methenamine silver stain
41
Treatment/Prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jirovecii
TMP-SMX Pentamidine, Dapsone: prophylaxis only Atovaquone
42
When to start prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jirovecii
CD4+<200
43
Rose gardener's disease
Sporothrix schenckii
44
Nodules along draining lymphatics
Sporothrix shenckii
45
Treatment against Sporothrix schenckii
Itraconazole or potassium iodide
46
Cigar-shaped lesions
Sporothrix schenckii

Step 1 - Microbiology (7 decks)

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