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Step 1 - Microbiology > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Systemic mycoses can cause

A

Pneumonia and can disseminate

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2
Q

Systemic mycoses are caused by

A

Dimorphic fungi:
-Cold=mold 20ºC
-Heat=Yeast 37ºC
Exception= Coccidioides: spherule in tissue

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3
Q

Systemic mycoses vs TBC

A

Can form granulomas like TBC

CANNOT be transmitted person-to-person (unlike TBC)

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4
Q

Systemic mycoses diseases

A
  1. Histoplasmosis
  2. Blastomycosis
  3. Coccidiomycosis
  4. Paracoccidioidomycosis
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5
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis is endemic in

A

Latin America

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6
Q

Bird or Bat droppings

A

Histoplasmosis

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7
Q

Histoplasma hides in

A

Macrophages (histoplasma smaller than RBC)

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8
Q

Palatal/tongue ulcers + splenomegaly

A

Histoplasmosis

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9
Q

Blastomycosis unique signs/symptoms

A
  1. Inflammatory Lung disease –>skin,bone
  2. Verrucous skin lesions: Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  3. Granulomatous nodules
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10
Q

Broad base budding

A

Blastomycosis

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11
Q

Much larger than RBC

A

Spherules of Coccidioidomycosis

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12
Q

Coccidioidomycosis unique signs/symptoms

A
  1. Disseminates to skin/bone
  2. Erythema nodosum (desert bumps) or multiforme
  3. Arthralgias: desert rheumatism
  4. Can cause meningitis
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13
Q

Captain’s wheel formation

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

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14
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis sex distribution

A

Males >Females

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15
Q

Tinea

A

Dermatophyte (cutaneous fungal) infections

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16
Q

Tinea pedis varietis

A
  1. Interdigital: most common
  2. Moccasin distribution
  3. Vesicular type
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17
Q

Tinea versicolor is caused by

A

Malassezia spp (not a dermatophyte)

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18
Q

Dermatophytes are associated with

A

Pruritus

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19
Q

Pityriasis versicolor appereance on microscopy

A

Spaghetti and meatballs

20
Q

Tratment against

A

Spaghetti and meatballs

21
Q

Malassezia damages melanocytes producing

A

Hypopigmented, hyperpigmented patches

22
Q

Dermatophytes stain

A

Branching septate hyphae visible on KOH preparation with blue fungal stain

23
Q

Opportunistic fungal infections

A
  1. Candida albicans
  2. Aspergillus fumigatus
  3. Cryptococcus neoformans
  4. Mucor and Rhizopus spp.
  5. Pneumocystis jirovecii
24
Q

Candida albicans causes _____ in IV drug users

A

Endocarditis

25
Q

Treatment against Candida albicans

A

Vaginal: Oral fluconazole/topical azole
Oral/Esophageal: Nystatin, fluconazole or caspofungin
Systemic: Amphotericin B

26
Q

Branching in Aspergillus fumigatus

A

45º Acute Angle (A)spergillus

27
Q

Invasive aspergillosis

A

Immunocompromised

Chronic Granulomatous disease

28
Q

Aspergilomas

A

Pre-existing lung cavities

Especially after TBC infection

29
Q

Some species of Aspergillus produce _____ which are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Aflatoxins

30
Q

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

A

Hypersensitivity response to Aspergillus. It occurs most often in people with asthma or cystic fibrosis

31
Q

Specific test for detection of Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Latex agglutination test

32
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans causes

A
  1. Cryptococcosis
  2. Cryptococcal meningitis
  3. Cryptococcal encephalitis
    In immunocompromised
33
Q

Highlighted with India ink

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

34
Q

Soap bubble lesions in brain

A

Cryptococcal encephalitis

35
Q

Treatment against Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Amphotericin B + 5-Flucytosine

Followed by fluconazole for cryptococcal meningitis

36
Q

Branching at wide angles

A

Mucro and Rhizopus

37
Q

Mucormycosis causes disease mostly in

A

Ketoacidotic diabetic

Neutropenic patients

38
Q

Treatment against mucormycosis

A

Surgical Debridement

Amphotericin B

39
Q

Rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscess

A

Mucormycosis

40
Q

Dx of Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

Lung biopsy or lavage: disc-shaped yeast seen on methenamine silver stain

41
Q

Treatment/Prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX
Pentamidine, Dapsone: prophylaxis only
Atovaquone

42
Q

When to start prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

CD4+<200

43
Q

Rose gardener’s disease

A

Sporothrix schenckii

44
Q

Nodules along draining lymphatics

A

Sporothrix shenckii

45
Q

Treatment against Sporothrix schenckii

A

Itraconazole or potassium iodide

46
Q

Cigar-shaped lesions

A

Sporothrix schenckii

Step 1 - Microbiology (7 decks)

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