Parasitology 3

Question 1

What do you use PCR for in Small Animals?

Answer 1

Protozoa, babesia, cytauxoon, tocoplasma
-Save tissue in alcohol

Question 2

Are PCRs the best and most sensitive? Why?

Answer 2

No, need threshold level of parasite for detection

Question 3

What is the only reasonable test option for echinococcus?

Answer 3

PCR

Question 4

Why do we perform diagnostics in large animals?

Answer 4

ID cause of clinical signs
Test asymptomatic for preventative programs, drug efficacy, selective treatment, genetic selection, monitored pasture contamination

Question 5

What is a big difference between large and small?

Answer 5

Quantifying important parasites

Question 6

What do we use fecal egg per gram for?

Answer 6

ID animals need treatment
Monitor drug efficacy
ID genetic selection
Monitor contamination with parasite
Diagnose

Question 7

Why cant we use egg count to make clinical diagnosis?

Answer 7

Numbers not correlated with parasite burden or pathogenicity

Not good numbers for reference interval

Question 8

What influences fecal egg count?

Answer 8

Immunity, Season, Fecal consistency and luck

Question 9

Fecal egg counts are an ___ of the concentration of parasite in feces

Answer 9

Estimate

Question 10

What is the LOD?

Answer 10

Limit of detection
-Lowest egg count that can be detected
(1-50egg/gram feces)
-Decrease LOD increase sensitivity

Question 11

What is accuracy?

Answer 11

Ability to measure close to the true count

Question 12

What is precision?

Answer 12

Repeatability - repeat count from same sample

Question 13

Describe the modified McMaster test?

Answer 13

Aliquot - fecal float and sediment
-LOD 25-50 egg/gram
-Quick and cheap
Mix well

Question 14

What is the parasite?

Answer 14

Horse diagnostic - go through series steps - egg tagged and photographed ad counted on phone

Question 15

Who has a lot of resistance these days?

Answer 15

Ascarid in horse
Anything in SR

Question 16

What test can you do to see drug efficacy?

Answer 16

FECRT

Question 17

When should you take the sample to evaluate FECRT?

Answer 17

10-14 days post administration
Treat then wait 10-14 days - see if current reproduce enough and not enough time for the babies to get big and contribute

Question 18

What are composite samples useful for?

Answer 18

Cheap
Not individual

Question 19

What test do you perform to look for lung worm?

Answer 19

Baermann test

Question 20

What test do you do for liver flukes?

Answer 20

Sediment or McMasters

Question 21

What other tests can you use to detect parasites?

Answer 21

Blood
Genitourinary - Tritrchomonas
Skin - scrape for mite

Question 22

What can you use immunologic test for in LA?

Answer 22

Protozoan, antibody, EPM, Neospora and toxoplasma

Question 23

How do you approach exotic animal testing?

Answer 23

Look and classify family as domestic and treat accordingly

Question 24

Do immunologic test of domestic species work for wildlife?

Answer 24

Similar but no so be careful in interpretation

Question 25

You deworm a dog and it comes back a few weeks later for a recheck and there are still worms. What are the possibilities?

Answer 25

Resistance or larval leak SI