PARASITOLOGY Flashcards
1
Q
Type of host where the parasite attains sexual maturity?
A
Definitive host
2
Q
Type of host that harbors the asexual or larval stage.
A
Intermediate host
3
Q
Type of host where the parasite does not develop but remains alive and can infect others.
A
Paratenic host
4
Q
Type of host that allows the life cycle to continue and is a source of human infections.
A
Reservoir host
5
Q
What is the vector for the trench fever?
A
Human body louse
6
Q
What is the vector for the plague ?
A
Oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis)
7
Q
What is the vector for relapsing fever from B. recurrentis?
A
Human body louse
8
Q
What is the vector for chikungunya?
A
Aedes mosquito
9
Q
What is the vector for dengue?
A
Aedes mosquito
10
Q
The aedes mosquito is the vector of three important viral conditions.
A
- Dengue
- Yellow fever
- Chikungunya
11
Q
Vector for Japanese encephalitis?
A
Culex
12
Q
Vector for Malaria?
A
Anopheles
13
Q
Vector for H. nana ?
A
Confused beetle (Tribolium confusum)
(Think Nana : Nani? )
14
Q
Vector for Chagas disease?
A
- Kissing
- Reduviid
- Assassin bug
15
Q
Vector for African sleeping sickness?
A
Tsetse fly (Glossina)
16
Q
Vector for Kala-azar?
A
Leishmaniasis: Sandfly
17
Q
Vector for Onchocerca volvulus?
A
Blackfly (Simulium)
Remember that the Onchocerca causes river blindness.
All you see is black = blackfly
18
Q
Vector for Loa loa ?
A
Deer / Mango/ Horse fly (Chrysops)
19
Q
Histopathology appearance of intestinal lesion caused by entamoeba histolytica?
A
Flask -shaped narrow necked ulcers
Compared to Balantidium coli, whose lesions appear as round based wide necked ulcers.
20
Q
Most common location of E. histolytica in the intestines.
A
Cecum
21
Q
Route of spread of E. histolytica to the liver?
A
Portal circulation
Microemboli that include trophozoites are carried through the portal circulation
22
Q
Rare skin complication caused by E. histolytica?
A
Amoebiasis cutis - reddish painful ulcer with wine like inflammatory halo.
23
Q
Luminal agents used in conjunction with tissue amebicides in amebic dysentery. (3)
A
- Dilaxonide furoate
- Iodoquinol
- Paromomycin
24
Q
Common commensal Entamoeba species morphologically similar to E. histolytica but are non-pathogenic?
A
Entamoeba dispar
25
Specific diagnostic tool for Giardia lamblia.
Enterotest or Doudenal String Test
26
Stool characteristic of Giardiasis.
Steatorrheic
27
Free living soil amebae implicated in primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) and granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE). (3)
1. Naegleria fowleri
2. Acanthamoeba castellanii
3. Balamuthia mandrillaris
28
Gold standard in the diagnosis of Trichomoniasis vaginalis?
NAAT - Nucleic Acid Amplification Test
29
Characteristic internal examination finding in females with trichomoniasis.
Strawberry cervix
30
Presentation of trichomoniasis in males.
Prostatitis , Urethritis , thin white urethral discharge in 10% .
Trichomoniasis can also cause purulent penile discharge
31
Species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis confined to a single , indolent, ulcerative lesion that heals in about 1 year.
Leishmania mexicana
32
Vector of transmission for african tryponosomiasis.
Tsentse fly (Glossina)
33
Plasmodium species with hypnozoite forms in the liver. (2)
P. vivax & P. ovale
34
Reservoir of Balantidium coli.
Pigs
35
Drug used to kill schizonts in the liver.
Primaquine
36
Form of ascaris lumbricoides in the lungs.
Larvae
37
Infective stage of ascaris lumbricoides ?
Embryonated egg
38
Pathophysiology of acute appendicitis and acute pancreatitis in Ascariasis.
Migration of worms causing lumen blockage
39
Microscopic characteristic of trichuris trichiura eggs.
Barrel shape with two terminal polar plugs.
40
Microscopic characteristic of Capillaria philippinensis eggs.
Peanut shaped with triated shells and flattened bipolar plugs
41
Organisms causing a coconut cake appearance of the rectum.
Trichuris trichiura
42
Nematode whose adult forms resides in the host’s body cavities, most commonly in the peritoneal or pleural cavity.
Mansonella perstans
43
What are the 3 species of Mansonella and what area of body they reside?
1. M. perstans- redides in body cavities
2. M. ozzardi - subcutaneous tissue
3. M. streptocerca - in the dermis
44
Culture for growing hookworms?
Harada -Mori culture
45
What are the intestinal nematodes residing in the large intestine? (2)
1. Trichuris trichiura
2. Entorobius vermicularis
(Large TE)
46
What are the intestinal nematodes residing in the small intestines ? (4)
1. Capillaria
2. Ascaris
3. Strongyloides
4. Hookworms
(Small CASH)
47
Intestinal nematode that can cause vulvovaginitis.
Entorobius vermicularis
48
Soil transmitted helminths. (4)
1. Ascaris
2. Trichuris
3. Hookworms
4. Strongyloides
49
Neurotransmitter involved in the drug of choice for Strongyloidiasis.
GABA
50
Nematode that undergo lung migration? (4)
1. Ascaris lumbricoides
2. Strongyloides stercoralis
3. Hookworms: Necator Americanus , Ancylostoma duodenale
(ASH causes cough )
51
Organisms that cause auto infection. (6)
1. Strongyloides stercoralis
2. Hymenolepsis nana
3. Capillaria philippinensis
4. Enterobius vermicularis
5. Cryptosporidium parvum
6. Taenia solium
“ Some Helminths Can Enter the Colon Twice”
52
Diagnostic test of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi.
Microfilariae
53
Cause of the most significant pathologies of schistosome infection.
Schistosome eggs
- the hundreds to thousands of eggs released by the female schistosome are swept by the circulation and lodge into the different organs. They cause a granulomatous reaction that surrounds them, leading to fibrosis.
54
Parasite that resides in both superior and inferior mesenteric veins of the small intestine?
Schistosoma japonicum
55
Parasite that resides in the inferior mesenteric veins of the large intestine?
S. mansoni
56
Parasite that resides in the veins of the urinary bladder
S. haematobium
57
Parasite associated with squamous cell carcinoma iof teh bladder?
S. haematobium
58
Parasitic infection that closely resembles pulmonary Tb and manifests as chronic cough with bloody sputum?
Paragonimiasis
59
Disease caused by Taenia solium when humans are its intermediate host.
Cysticercosis
60
Most pathogenic species of malaria.
P. falciparum
61
Identify the disease and pathogen:
Vaginal discharge, vulvar pruritus, watery, whitish urethral discharge.
Trichomoniasis - Trichomonas vaginalis
62
Smallest tapeworm infecting man.
Hymenolepis nana
63
Characteristics of Strongyloides. (4)
1. Undergoes free-living life cycle in soil
2. Produces filariform larvae
3. Migrating larvae induce marked eosinophilia
4. Infect by penetration of intact skin
64
Only infection of the reproductive tract caused by a protozoan.
Trichomoniasis
65
Parasite that produces stools that are steatorrheic or gruelly.
Giardia lamblia
66
Preferred test for detecting T. vaginalis with high sensitivity.
NAAT
Wet mounts are definitely convenient but they have low sensitivity
67
Ova that float in the saturated salt solution. (5)
Fertilized eggs of:
1. Enterobius vermicularis
2. Ascaris lumbricoides
3. Ancylostoma duodenale
4. Trichuris trichiura
5. Hymenolepis nana
68
Organism that can cause acalculous cholecystitis.
Malaria , due to increased hemolysis.
69
Enterobius belongs to which class of worm?
Nematode
70
Child from southern province thin with potbelly revealing microcytic, hypochromic anemia and fecal exam reveals brown , oval nematode eggs.
Ascaris lumbricoides
71
Infective stage in neurocysticercosis.
Embryonated egg
72
Infective stage in Taeniasis.
Cysticerci
73
Most common CC in Taeniasis.
Passage of proglottids or segments in stool.
74
Definitive host in Taeniasis?
Human
75
Humans are what type of host in cysticercosis?
Intermediate host (they harbor the larval state)
76
Management of Taeniasis?
Praziquantel
77
Which taenia can be acquired from ingestion of uncooked beef ?
T. saginata
78
Which Taenia can be acquired from ingestion of uncooked pork?
T. solium (pork tapeworm)
79
AKA fish tapeworm?
Diphyllobothrium latum
80
All cestode eggs are non-operculared except?
Diphyllobothrium latum
81
1st Intermediate host of D. latum?
Copepods
82
2nd Intermediate host of D. latum?
Dish
83
Hematologic abnormality associated with D. latum ?
Megaloblastic anemia ( Vit B12 deficiency)
84
Management of D. latum?
Praziquantel
85
Intermediate host of E. granulosus? (2)
Sheep and Man
86
Definitive host of E. granulosus?
Dog
87
Life threatening complications of rupture of E. granulosus cyst?
Anaphylaxis
88
Where are echinococcal cysts most commonly found?
In the liver (Inferior Right Lobe)
89
Triad of human cystic echinococcosis?
1. Intermittent jaundice
2. Fever
3. Eosinophilia
90
What sign is seen in ultrasonography in echinococcosis?
Water Lilly Sign
91
Small fox tapeworm?
Echinococcus multilocularis
92
Dwarf tapeworm?
Hymenolepis nana
93
Treatment of choice in H. nana infections?
Praziquantel
94
Largest and longest tapeworm?
D. latum
95
Which major intestinal protozoans are acquired via drinking their cysts in contaminated water? (3)
1. Giardia
2. Entamoeba histolytica
3. Cryptosporidium
96
Infective form of Entamoeba histolytica?
Quadrinucleated / Mature cyst
97
Habitat for all entamoeba in the GIT?
Cecum
98
Form of Entamoeba more seen in formed non-diarrheal stool?
Cyst
99
Form of Entamoeba more seen in diarrheal stool?
Trophozoite
100
Classic appearance of trophozoites in Entamoeba infection?
Contains ingested red blood cells ( Erythrophagocytosis)
101
Classic appearance of ulcers in Entamoeba infections?
Erlenmeyer flask ulcers ( due to lateral burrowing)
102
Protozoan that causes Erlenmeyer flask ulcers in the colon?
Entamoeba histolytica
103
Type of diarrhea caused by E. histolytica? ( bloody vs non-bloody)
Usually Bloody
104
Most common extraintestinal form of E. histolytica infections?
Amebic liver abscess
105
Most common cause of liver abscess in developing countries?
E. histolytica
106
Drug of choice for invasive amebiasis?
Metronidazole
107
Drug of choice for asymptomatic cyst passers of E. histolytica? (3)
1. Diloxanide furoate
2. Iodoquinol
3. Paromomycin
108
Classic description of amebic liver abscess consistency?
Anchovy paste consistency
109
What causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) ?
Naegleria fowleri
110
What causes secondary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) ?
Entamoeba histolytica
111
Etiology of granulomatous amebic encephalitis?
Acanthamoeba castellani
112
Where do humans usually acquire N. fowleri?
Warm fresh water ( hot springs)
113
How does N. fowleri enter the CNS?
Via the cribriform plate
114
Associated with amebic keratitis in contact lens wearers?
Acanthamoeba castellanii
115
Motility of Giardia trophozoites?
Falling / Floating leaf motility
116
Giardia produces this substance to promote intestinal adherence?
Lectin
117
Description of diarrhea from Giardiasis?
Floating , Foul smelling Steatorrhea
118
What primary immunodeficiency predisposes one to Giardia infections?
Selective IgA deficiency (IgA is important dor mucosal surface)
119
What provides antigenic variation in Giardia?
Variant Surface Proteins
120
DOC for Giardiasis in adults?
Tinidazole
121
Trophozoites found in stool with an old man with eyeglasses, morphology is likely the trophozoite of what organism?
Giardia lamblia
122
DOC of Giardiasis in children ?
Metronidazole
123
What site of the GIT is most heavily infected in Cryptosporidium parvum?
Jejunum
124
What is the infective stage of Cryptosporidium in autoinfection ?
Thin-walled oocysts
125
Severe extra-intestinal complication of Cryptosporidium!
Gangrenous cholecystitis
126
Stain used to identify Cryptosporidium hominis?
Kinyoun acid fast stain
127
DOC for C. hominis infections in immunocompetent ?
Nitazoxanide
128
A Kinyoun acid fast stain of diarrheal stool shows pink donuts against a blue background. What is the likely etiology?
Cyptosporidium hominis / parvum
129
Besides HIV , what immunodeficiency can predispose one to Cryptosporidium infections?
Hyper-IgM Syndrome
130
Does trichomonas vaginalis have a cyst form?
No trophozoite form only
131
A strawberry cervix should make you suspect?
Trichomonas vaginalis
132
Vaginitis with green, , malodorous , frothy discharge should make you suspect?
Trichomonas vaginalis
133
Motility of Trichomonas trophozoites on wet mount?
Corkscrew motility
134
DOC against Trichomonas?
Metronidazole single oral dose 2g
135
Infective stage of Leishmaniasis?
Promastigotes
136
Diagnostic stage of Leishmaniasis?
Amastigotes ( usually intracellularly in macrophages)
137
Where is the amastigote form of Leishmania spp. found?
Within Macrophages
138
Visceral Leishmaniasis is also known as?
Kala-azar or black fever
139
Leishmania amastigotes: flagellated or non-flagillated ?
Non-flagillated
140
Leishmania promastigotes: flagellated or non-flagillated ?
Flagellated
141
What causes mucocutaneous leishmaniasis?
Leishmania brazilliensis
142
What causes visceral leishmaniasis?
Leishmania donovani
143
Leishmania infection characterized by multiple lesions of the nose and mouth and septal ulceration?
Espundia
144
What protozoal infection can cause cardiomyopathy, mega colon and achalasia?
Trypanosoma cruzi
145
Sign in chagas disease characterized by swelling around the eye.
Romaña Sign
146
What protozoan causes the leading cause of congestive heart failure in Latin America?
Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas Disease)
147
Two possible treatments for Chagas disease?
1. Nifurtimox
2. Benznidazole
148
Type of cardiomyopathy seen in Chagas disease?
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
149
What causes African sleeping sickness?
Trypanosoma brucei subspecies
150
Presence of ___________ in blood is diagnostic of African sleeping sickness?
Trpomastigotes
151
What causes antigenic variation in T. brucei?
Surface glycoproteins
152
Which subspecies of T. brucei is found in West Africa?
T. brucei gambiense
(West G, East Road)
153
What subspecie of T. brucei is found in East Africa?
T. brucei rhodesiense
(West G, East Road)
154
Which specie of T. brucei is most fatal?
Rhodesiense
155
Enlargement of posterior cervical LN seen in early phase of African sleeping sickness?
Winterbottom sign
156
What do you call the characteristic plasma cells seen in African sleeping sickness?
Morula cells of Mott
(Contains cytoplasmic immunoglobulin globules)
157
Deep hyperesthesia seen in African sleeping sickness is also known as ?
Kerandel Sign
158
What disease is Kerandel associated with?
African Sleeping Sickness
159
Early T. brucei rhodesiense infections are treated with ?
Suramin
160
Late stage of T. brucei rhodesiense infections are treated with ?
Melarsoprol
161
Considered the most important parasitic disease in man?
Malaria
162
Infective stage of plasmodium?
Sporozoites
163
What antigen is necessary for P. vivax to enter cells?
Duffy antigen
164
The duffy antigen is necessary for what Plasmodium species to infect cells?
P. vivax
165
Plasmodium that infects mature RBCs only ?
P. malariae
M= Mature
166
Plasmodium that infects all stages of RBCs?
P. falciparum
167
Stage of plasmodium carried in Anopheles mosquito saliva?
Sporozoites
168
Which plasmodium species can have dormant hepatic hypnozoites?
P. vivax & P. ovale
169
Malariae that causes quartan fevers?
P. malariae
170
Tertian malaria has a fever that occurs every _______ hrs.
48
171
Quartan malaria has a fever that occurs every ________ hrs.
72
172
What is the shape of P. falciparum gametocytes?
Banana-like
173
Thick vs Thin smear
In diagnosing Malaria, which one can be used for species identification?
Thin smear
174
Term for malarial dots seen in P. ovale and vivax.
Schuffner dots
175
In what infection are Maurer dots seen?
P. falciparum
176
In what infection are Zeimann dots seen?
P. Malariae
177
Malaria that leads to acute renal failure is also known as __________?
Black water fever
178
What infection presents with the characteristic Maltese cross on blood smear?
Babeiosis
179
What parasite can cause strawberry cervix?
Trichomonas vaginalis
180
What is the pH of vaginal secretions in Trichomonal infections?
>4.5
181
What lymphatic filariasis appears with kinky microfilariae?
Brugia spp.
182
What lymphatic filariasis appears with smooth microfilariae?
Wuchereria bancrofti
183
What lymphatic filariasis causes hydrocele?
Wuchereria bancrofti
184
What lymphatic filariasis causes elephantiasis?
Brugia spp.
185
When should be specimen collection be done for lymphatic microfilariae?
8pm to 4am
(Nocturnal periodicity)
186
Causes guinea worm disease?
Dracunculus medinensis
187
Whip worm aka _________?
Trichuris trichiura
188
Drug of choice for Onchocerciasis?
Ivermectin
189
Parasite that causes River blindness ?
Onchocerca volvulus
(Onchocerca volvulag)
190
Parasite that cause nocturnal pruritus ani?
Entorobius vermicularis
191
Parasite that cause conchin china diarrhea?
Strongyloides stercoralis
192
Parasite infection that causes an acute abdomen after eating raw ceviche or fish?
Anisakiasis
193
Which three nematodes can result in superinfection?
1. Ascaris
2. Strongyloides
3. Capillariasis
(Super Strong Captain Asca)
194
Eggs in stool shows bipolar mucus plugs ?
Trichuris trichiura
195
Most common intestinal nematode?
Ascaris lumbricoides
196
Unholy trinity of parasites?
1. Hookworms
2. Ascaris
3. Trichuris
(Unholy HAT)
197
Infective stage of Ascaris?
Embryonated egg
198
What is the principal site of tissue damage in Ascaris larval migration?
Lungs
199
Drug of choice for Ascaris?
Albendazole
(Ascaris - Albendazole)
200
What Fertilized eggs will float in an egg floatation test? (5)
Fertilized Eggs of
1. Ascaris
2. E. vermicularis
3. A. doudenale
4. T. trichiura
5. H. nana
201
New world hookworm?
Necator americanus
(New- Necator)
202
Old world hookworm?
Ancylostoma doudenale
(Old Ancestor)
203
Infective state of hookworms ?
Filariform larvae
204
Buccal spears of Ancylostoma?
Teeth
205
Buccal spears of Neactor?
Cutting plates
(neCUTor )
206
Infective stage of hookworms?
Filariform larvae
207
Hematologic abnormalities associated with hookworms?
Microcytic anemia
208
DOC for hookworms?
Albendazole
(Ascaris Hook - Albendazole)
209
Infective stage of Trichuris?
Embryonated egg
210
Classic shape of Trichuris eggs?
Barrel
Lemon
Football-shaped with bipolar plugs
211
Which parasite can cause rectal prolapse?
Trichuris trichiura
212
Classic description of prolapsed rectum in heavy Trichuris infection?
Coconut cake rectum
(from white bodies of adult worms dangling looking like coconut flakes)
213
Name the parasite:
Pinworm
Enterobius vermicularis
(Verm saw a PIN on her SEAT)
214
Name the parasite:
Seat worm
Enterobius vermicularis
(Verm saw a PIN on her SEAT)
215
Infective stage of E. vermicularis?
Embryonated egg
216
Diagnostic test for E. vermicularis?
Scotch tape swab technique
217
Shape of E. vermicularis ova?
D shapes : one side flattened and other side covex
218
Most characteristic symptom of E. vermicularis infections?
Pruritus ani (especially at night)
219
Treatment of E. Vermicularis?
Pyrantel pamoate
220
Name the parasite : thread worm
Strongyloides stercoralis
(strong thread)
221
Infective stage of Strongyloides?
Filariform larvae
222
Most sensitive fecal diagnostic method for larval detection in Strongyloides?
Koga agar plate
223
Treatment of Strongyloides?
Ivermectin
(strong as Iver)
224
Only nematode whose lifecycle involves a migratory bird?
Capillaria philippinensis
225
What type of host are humans in Capillaria infection?
Incidental definitive host
226
Description of Capillaria eggs?
Peanut-shaped with bipolar plugs
227
Characteristic PE finding in acute infection with Capillaria?
Borborygmus
228
Chronic manifestation of Capillaria causing malnutrition?
Protein losing enteropathy
229
Which intestinal nematode reside in small intestine?
(Small cash )
1. Capillaria
2. Ascaris
3. Strongyloides
4. Hookworm
230
Treatment of choice for lymphatic filariasis?
Diethylcarbamazine
231
What nematode causes calabar swellings?
Loa loa
232
What nematode causes hanging groin deformity?
Onchocerca volvulus
233
Definitive diagnosis of Trichinella spiralis infections?
Muscle biopsy (Showing larva within striated muscle)
234
What parasite can cause periorbital edema + muscle pain and subconjuctival hemorrhages?
Trichinella spiralis
235
Treatment of Trichinella infections?
Thiabendazole
236
All trematodes are hermaphroditic except?
Schistosoma
237
All trematodes require two intermediate hosts except?
Schistosoma
238
Except for Schistosoma, infective stage for all trematodes is?
Metacercariae
239
In trematode infections, the first intermediate host as always a _________.
Snail.
240
Most sensitive fecal diagnostic method for larval detection in Strongyloides?
Kogar agar plate
241
The drug of choice most trematode infection?
Praziquantel (Exception : Fasciola - Triclabendazole)
242
Where is S. japonicum more frequently found?
Superior Mesenteric Veins
243
Where is S. mansoni more frequently found?
Inferior Mesenteric Veins
244
Which Schistosome often inhabits the venous plexus of thr bladder?
S. haematobium
245
What causes most of the in schistosomiasis?
Host granulomatous reaction to its eggs
246
What causes intestinal schistomiasis ? (2)
1. S. japonicum
2. S. mansoni
247
What causes urinary schistomiasis?
S. haematobium
248
What is the neoplastic sequelae of S. haematobium infection?
SCC of the bladder
249
Which schistosome ova has a prominent lateral spine?
S. mansoni
250
Which schistosome is small with a small lateral knob on its ova?
S. japonicum
251
Which schistosome has a terminal spine ?
S. haematobium
252
Liver ultrasound finding in hepatic schistomiasis?
Clay pipe stem fibrosis
253
Almost all flukes are treated with praziquantel except?
Fasciola hepatica - tx triclabendazole
254
Ingestion of raw crab meat (Sundathelphusa philippina) can lead to?
Paragonimisasis (lung fluke)
255
What is the first intermediate host of paragonimus westermani?
Snail (Antmelania genus)
256
What is the second intermediate host of paragonimus westermani?
Mountain crab (Sundathelphusa philippina)
257
Infective stage of Paragonimus westermani?
Metacercariae
258
Diagnostic stage of Paragonimus westermani?
Unembryonated Eggs
259
What parasite can closely resemble TB?
P. westermani
260
Aka Oriental Liver Fluke.
Clonorchis sinensis
261
Aka oriental lung fluke.
Paragonimus westermani
262
Aka sheep liver fluke.
Fasciola hepatica
263
Fluke that can cause a klatskin tumor.
Clonorchis sinensis
264
What neoplasm is linked with clonorchis sinensis infection?
Klatskin tumor
265
What is the fluke that causes Katayama fever?
Schistosoma (Blood fluke)
266
What is the serum sickness like syndrome caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to Schistosoma antigens?
Katayama fever
267
Largest trematode known to infect man.
Fasciolepsis buski
268
Where does excystation of clonorchis occur?
Doudenum
269
How does chlonorchis enter the biliary tract?
Through the ampula of vater
270
Tape worm acquired by eating raw or undercooked pork?
Taenia solium
271
Differentiation between pathogenic and non pathogenic strains of Entamoeba.
Phagocytic activity
272
Amebiasis is transmitted by _____________.
Fecal contamination of drinking water & food.
273
Infective stage of Entamoeba histolytica to man has ___________?
Ingested RBC
274
Denies history of sexual contact , urine culture was negative, but with recurrent dysuria, what might be teh cause?
Trichomonas
275
Prolapsed rectum with small worms that resembles whips attached to the mucosa. Eggs are barrel shaped with bipolar plugs.
Trichuris trichiura
276
In what test do you observe coconut cake finding?
Colonoscopy
277
Eggs can be discovered using what following methods? (4)
1. Kato katz technique
2. Saturated brine
3. Flotation method
4. Direct fecal smear
278
Ingestion of dog meat is related to what infective organism?
Echinococcus granulosus
279
Transmission: Larval penetration of skin (4)
1. Necator
2. Ancylostoma
3. Strongyloides
4. Schistosoma
280
Chagas disease is caused by?
Trypanosoma cruzi
281
Amastigote is found in heart muscle in __________ disease.
Chagas
282
Most common serious complication of Chagas’ disease is?
Interstitial myocarditis
283
What causes serpiginous puritic eruption on leg extending upwards?
1. Ancylostoma braziliense (cat hookworm)
2. Ancylostoma caninum (dog hookworm)
3. Walking on the beach or soil barefooted
284
Creeping eruption (Cutaneous larva migrans) is seen in _______?
Animal hookworm infection : Ancylostoma caninum & A. braziliense
285
Management of Animal hookworm infection?
1. Albendazole
2. Cold ice
3. Cryosurgery
