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Bacteriology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sizes of ribosomes of eukaryotic cells.

A

60S + 40s = 80s

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2
Q

Sizes of ribosomes of prokaryotic cells.

A

50s+30s =70s

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3
Q

Antimicrobial drugs that target the 30s subunit.

A

Aminoglycosides & Tetracyclines

(BUY at 30 , CELLS for 50)

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4
Q

Antimicrobial drug that target the 50s subunit.

A
  1. Chloramphenicol
  2. Erythromycin
  3. Linezolid
  4. Lincosamides (Clindamycin)
  5. Streptogramin

(BUY at 30 , CELLS for 50)

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5
Q

Aka “ Jumping genes”.

A

Transposons

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6
Q

What is the usual secondary structure in normal prion proteins?

A

Alpha helices

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7
Q

What is the usual secondary structure in “abnormal” prion proteins?

A

Beta-pleated sheets

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8
Q

Prion disease associated with sheep and goats.

A

Scrapie

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9
Q

Prion disease associated with cannibalism.

A

Kuru

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10
Q

Prion disease associated with bovine growth hormone.

A

Mad cow disease or Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

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11
Q

Standard autoclave conditions?

A

121 degrees c , atleast 15 minutes, with atleast 15 psi of pressure

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12
Q

Major component of cell walls of all bacteria.

A

Peptidoglycan

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13
Q

Only bacteria without cell wall.

A

Mycoplasma

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14
Q

Gram + vs Gram - : which one is lipopolysaccharide?

A

Gram (-) & Listeria monocytogenes : the only gram (+) bacteria with LPS

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15
Q

What is the active component of LPS?

A

Lipid A

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16
Q

Primary stain in gram staining.

A

Crystal violet

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17
Q

Mordant in Gram staining.

A

Iodine

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18
Q

Decolorizer in Gram staining.

A

Alcohol or Acetone

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19
Q

Secondary stain in gram staining.

A

Safranin

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20
Q

Only gram (+) bacteria with LPS?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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21
Q

Component of cell wall that uptakes the gram stain.

A

Peptidoglycan

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22
Q

Primary stain in acid-fast staining?

A

Carbol fuchsin

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23
Q

Acid fast staining that uses heat?

A

Ziehl-Neelsen (Zizzling hot)

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24
Q

Acid fast staining that doesn’t use heat.

A

Kinyoun (kold)

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25
Q

Preferred stain for Legionella spp.

A

Silver Stain

26
Q

Preferred stain for chlamydia .

A

Giemsa stain

27
Q

Preferred stain for Ricketssiae.

A

Giemsa stain

28
Q

Stain used to visualize T. whipplei in Whipple disease.

A

PAS - Periodic Acid-Schiff Stain

29
Q

Preferred stain for Cryptococcus neoformans.

A

India Ink Stain

30
Q

Only encapsulated bacteria without a polysaccharide capsule.

A

Bacillus anthracis ( D-glu polypeptide capsule)

31
Q

Transfer of bacterial DNA using special viruses?

A

Transduction

32
Q

Transfer of plasmid genes between two bacteria by forming bridges.

A

Conjugation

33
Q

Where are genes for endotoxins located?

A

Bacterial chromosomes

34
Q

Where are genes for exotoxins located?

A

Plasmid or Bacteriophage

35
Q

Bacteria that use fermentation but can tolerate low amounts of oxygen.

A

Microaerophiles

36
Q

Utilize oxygen when present but can resort to fermentation without oxygen.

A

Facultative anaerobes

37
Q

Anaerobic but insensitive to oxygen.

A

Aerotolerant anaerobes

38
Q

What do anaerobic bacteria lack? (3)

A
  1. Superoxide dismutase
  2. Peroxidase
  3. Catalase
39
Q

Toxins that are produced by prophage coded bacteria. (5)

A
  1. Shiga A like toxin
  2. Botulinum
  3. Cholera
  4. Diphtheria
  5. Erythrogenic toxin (ADCDE)
40
Q

The only exotoxins without an AB configuration ? (5)

A
  1. Heat stable toxin of e.coli
  2. Alpha toxin of C. Perfringens
  3. Streptolysin O
  4. TSST
  5. Erythrogenic exotoxin A
41
Q

Mechanism of action of Diphtheria toxin?

A

ADP ribosylation of elongation factor 2

42
Q

Mechanism of action of shiga toxin?

A

Inactivates 60s ribosome

43
Q

Mechanism of cholera toxin ?

A

Turns on adenylate cyclase activity

44
Q

Mechanism of action of pertussis toxin?

A

Turns off adenylate cyclase activity

45
Q

Toxin that inhibits GABA release from Renshaw cells?

A

Tetanus toxin

46
Q

Toxin that inhibits Ach release in the NMJ ?

A

Botulinum toxin

47
Q

All exotoxins are heat labile except?

A

Staphylococcal enterotoxin

48
Q

Agar for c. perfringens?

A

Egg yolk agar

49
Q

Agar for Corynebacterium diphtheria?

A

Cysteine-Tellurite agar or
Loeffler Agar

50
Q

Agar for group D strep?

A

Bile Esculin Agar

51
Q

Factors needed for H. Influenza growth in medium?

A

Factors X (heme) and V (NAD)

52
Q

Culture medium for M. tuberculosis?

A

Lowenstein -Jensen or Middlebrook

53
Q

Agar for Yersinia enterocolitica.

A

Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin (CIN) Agar

54
Q

Agar for Vibrio cholerae.

A

Thiosulfate -Citrate-Bile-Salts-Sucrose (TCBS) Agar

55
Q

Agar for Legionella pneumophilia .

A

Buffered charcoal yeast extract

56
Q

Agar for Camphylobacter.

A

Skirrow’s medium

57
Q

Medium for Borrelia burgdorferi.

A

Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK)

58
Q

Medium for Mycoplasma pneumonia.

A

Eaton

59
Q

Distinguishing factor of adaptive vs innate immunity.

A

Antigen-specific antibodies

60
Q

Ig for mucosal immunity , protects mucous membranes from bacterial and viral attacks.

A

IgA

61
Q

Known regulatory mechanisms for antibiotic resistance development l

A

Staph Cassette Chromosome (SCC mec)

Microbiology (9 decks)

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