Bacteriology

Question 1

Sizes of ribosomes of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 1

60S + 40s = 80s

Question 2

Sizes of ribosomes of prokaryotic cells.

Answer 2

50s+30s =70s

Question 3

Antimicrobial drugs that target the 30s subunit.

Answer 3

Aminoglycosides & Tetracyclines

(BUY at 30 , CELLS for 50)

Question 4

Antimicrobial drug that target the 50s subunit.

Answer 4

1. Chloramphenicol
2. Erythromycin
3. Linezolid
4. Lincosamides (Clindamycin)
5. Streptogramin

(BUY at 30 , CELLS for 50)

Question 5

Aka “ Jumping genes”.

Answer 5

Transposons

Question 6

What is the usual secondary structure in normal prion proteins?

Answer 6

Alpha helices

Question 7

What is the usual secondary structure in “abnormal” prion proteins?

Answer 7

Beta-pleated sheets

Question 8

Prion disease associated with sheep and goats.

Answer 8

Scrapie

Question 9

Prion disease associated with cannibalism.

Answer 9

Kuru

Question 10

Prion disease associated with bovine growth hormone.

Answer 10

Mad cow disease or Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

Question 11

Standard autoclave conditions?

Answer 11

121 degrees c , atleast 15 minutes, with atleast 15 psi of pressure

Question 12

Major component of cell walls of all bacteria.

Answer 12

Peptidoglycan

Question 13

Only bacteria without cell wall.

Answer 13

Mycoplasma

Question 14

Gram + vs Gram - : which one is lipopolysaccharide?

Answer 14

Gram (-) & Listeria monocytogenes : the only gram (+) bacteria with LPS

Question 15

What is the active component of LPS?

Answer 15

Lipid A

Question 16

Primary stain in gram staining.

Answer 16

Crystal violet

Question 17

Mordant in Gram staining.

Answer 17

Iodine

Question 18

Decolorizer in Gram staining.

Answer 18

Alcohol or Acetone

Question 19

Secondary stain in gram staining.

Answer 19

Safranin

Question 20

Only gram (+) bacteria with LPS?

Answer 20

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 21

Component of cell wall that uptakes the gram stain.

Answer 21

Peptidoglycan

Question 22

Primary stain in acid-fast staining?

Answer 22

Carbol fuchsin

Question 23

Acid fast staining that uses heat?

Answer 23

Ziehl-Neelsen (Zizzling hot)

Question 24

Acid fast staining that doesn’t use heat.

Answer 24

Kinyoun (kold)

Question 25

Preferred stain for Legionella spp.

Answer 25

Silver Stain

Question 26

Preferred stain for chlamydia .

Answer 26

Giemsa stain

Question 27

Preferred stain for Ricketssiae.

Answer 27

Giemsa stain

Question 28

Stain used to visualize T. whipplei in Whipple disease.

Answer 28

PAS - Periodic Acid-Schiff Stain

Question 29

Preferred stain for Cryptococcus neoformans.

Answer 29

India Ink Stain

Question 30

Only encapsulated bacteria without a polysaccharide capsule.

Answer 30

Bacillus anthracis ( D-glu polypeptide capsule)

Question 31

Transfer of bacterial DNA using special viruses?

Answer 31

Transduction

Question 32

Transfer of plasmid genes between two bacteria by forming bridges.

Answer 32

Conjugation

Question 33

Where are genes for endotoxins located?

Answer 33

Bacterial chromosomes

Question 34

Where are genes for exotoxins located?

Answer 34

Plasmid or Bacteriophage

Question 35

Bacteria that use fermentation but can tolerate low amounts of oxygen.

Answer 35

Microaerophiles

Question 36

Utilize oxygen when present but can resort to fermentation without oxygen.

Answer 36

Facultative anaerobes

Question 37

Anaerobic but insensitive to oxygen.

Answer 37

Aerotolerant anaerobes

Question 38

What do anaerobic bacteria lack? (3)

Answer 38

1. Superoxide dismutase 2. Peroxidase 3. Catalase

Question 39

Toxins that are produced by prophage coded bacteria. (5)

Answer 39

1. Shiga A like toxin 2. Botulinum 3. Cholera 4. Diphtheria 5. Erythrogenic toxin (ADCDE)

Question 40

The only exotoxins without an AB configuration ? (5)

Answer 40

1. Heat stable toxin of e.coli 2. Alpha toxin of C. Perfringens 3. Streptolysin O 4. TSST 5. Erythrogenic exotoxin A

Question 41

Mechanism of action of Diphtheria toxin?

Answer 41

ADP ribosylation of elongation factor 2

Question 42

Mechanism of action of shiga toxin?

Answer 42

Inactivates 60s ribosome

Question 43

Mechanism of cholera toxin ?

Answer 43

Turns on adenylate cyclase activity

Question 44

Mechanism of action of pertussis toxin?

Answer 44

Turns off adenylate cyclase activity

Question 45

Toxin that inhibits GABA release from Renshaw cells?

Answer 45

Tetanus toxin

Question 46

Toxin that inhibits Ach release in the NMJ ?

Answer 46

Botulinum toxin

Question 47

All exotoxins are heat labile except?

Answer 47

Staphylococcal enterotoxin

Question 48

Agar for c. perfringens?

Answer 48

Egg yolk agar

Question 49

Agar for Corynebacterium diphtheria?

Answer 49

Cysteine-Tellurite agar or Loeffler Agar

Question 50

Agar for group D strep?

Answer 50

Bile Esculin Agar

Question 51

Factors needed for H. Influenza growth in medium?

Answer 51

Factors X (heme) and V (NAD)

Question 52

Culture medium for M. tuberculosis?

Answer 52

Lowenstein -Jensen or Middlebrook

Question 53

Agar for Yersinia enterocolitica.

Answer 53

Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin (CIN) Agar

Question 54

Agar for Vibrio cholerae.

Answer 54

Thiosulfate -Citrate-Bile-Salts-Sucrose (TCBS) Agar

Question 55

Agar for Legionella pneumophilia .

Answer 55

Buffered charcoal yeast extract

Question 56

Agar for Camphylobacter.

Answer 56

Skirrow’s medium

Question 57

Medium for Borrelia burgdorferi.

Answer 57

Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK)

Question 58

Medium for Mycoplasma pneumonia.

Answer 58

Eaton

Question 59

Distinguishing factor of adaptive vs innate immunity.

Answer 59

Antigen-specific antibodies

Question 60

Ig for mucosal immunity , protects mucous membranes from bacterial and viral attacks.

Answer 60

IgA

Question 61

Known regulatory mechanisms for antibiotic resistance development l

Answer 61

Staph Cassette Chromosome (SCC mec)