MYCOLOGY Flashcards by Hanna Mercado

Type of dermatophyte that causes the greatest number of human infections?

Anthropophilic dermatophytes

They are adapted to humans , hence they are chronic and difficult to eradicate.
But compared to zoophilic and geophilic dermatophytes , the inflammation is milder.

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Dermatophyte that does not affect the hair?

Epidermophyton

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Most common geophilic dermatophyte species causing human infections?

Microsporum gypseum

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Only major classification of mycoses that is infective to other organisms.

Cutaneous mycoses

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Predominant morphology of paracoccidiodes brasiliensis in the body.

Multiple buds in a wheel configuration

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Most common cause of meningoencephalitis in HIV

Cryptococcus neoformans

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Which systemic mycosis can mimic squamous cell CA of the skin?

Blastomycosis

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Bone involvement in blastomycosis causes?

Osteomyelitis

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Systemic mycoses with predilection to disseminate to skin and bones?

Blastomycosis

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Replication seen in blastomycosis.

Broad-based budding

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Systemic mycoses that can cause meningitis?

Coccidiodomycosis

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Form of coccidiodes in tissue?

Spherules of endospores (not yeast)

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Transmission of coccidiomycosis?

Inhalation of arthrospores

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Being a Filipino descent has a strong association with this systemic mycosis?

Coccidioidomycosis

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Other name for coccidiomycosis.

San Joaqin Valley Fever / Desert Rheumatism

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Symptom of coccidiomycosis that suggests robust immune response.

Erythema nodosum

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Systemic mycosis that resides intracellularly in macrophages.

Histoplasma capsulatum

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Histoplasmosis can disseminate to these two organs?

Lung & Spleen ( Reticuloendothelial System)

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Cutaneous manifestation of histoplasmosis ?

Erythema nodosum, especially on the shins

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Histoplasma are _________ than RBCs.

Smaller

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Coccidioides are ____________ than RBCs.

Larger

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Classic histology finding in Histoplasma.

Macrophages with oval bodies

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Dimorphic fungus with mariners wheel configuration?

Paracoccidioides brasilensis

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Dimorphic fungus that causes mucosal ulcers in the mouth?

Paracoccidioides brasilensis

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Form of candida albicans in cooler temperatures (20 c)

Yeast form ( exception to the yeast in the heat)

Form of candida albicans in warmer temperatures (37 c)

Germ tubes

Form of candidiasis that is AIDS-defining ?

Esophageal

Skin infections with Candida cause these lesion ?

Satellite lesions

Specific immune cells dysfunction associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis ?

Lack of T-cell function

Route of transmission of cryptococcal infections?

Inhalation of yeast cells

Test for rapid detection of antigen in Cryptococci?

Latex agglutination test

Stains that can be use to stain cryptococci red?

Mucicarmine stain

Description of lesions left by Cryptococcus infection on gray matter?

Soap bubble lesions

Treatment of choice for cryptococcal meningitis?

Amphotericin B+ Flucytosine

Fungus that can cause a fungus ball in post-TB lung cavities .

Aspergillus fumigatus

Mode of transmission of Aspergillus.

Inhalation of airborne conidia

What fungal infection can present with ring enhancing lesion on CT?

Angioinvasive aspergillosis

Aspergillus complication that causes eosinophilia and mucus plugs in bronchioles?

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)

Two medically important fungi that are catalase positive?

Candida & Aspergillus

Branching pattern of Aspergillus?

Acute angle branching hyphae with septations

Carcinogen produced by aspergillus.

Aflatoxins

Specific mutations caused by Aspergillus?

G:C to T:A mutation in codon 249 of p53

What acts as a siderophore for Rhizopus?

Deferoxamine

How does mucormycosis enter the CNS ?

Via the Cribriform plate

Branching pattern of Mucor?

Non-septated with right -angle branching

Population most at risk for mucormycosis?

Diabetic patients in DKA

Dermatophytes contain this enzyme which allows them to survive in the skin.

Keratinase

The 3 major dermatophytes genera.

1. Trichophyton 2. Epidermophyton 3. Microsporum

Dermatophyte that can infect skin, hair and nails.

Trichophyton

Dermatophyte that spares the nails?

Microsporum

Dermatophyte that spares the hair?

Epidermophyton

Dermatophyte that can be identified via Woods light?

Microsporum

Fungus that can cause septicemia in newborn patients on total parenteral nutrition.

Malassezia furfur

Layer of the epidermis where M. furfur resides.

Stratum corneum

Appearance of M. furfur on KOH prep.

Spaghetti and Meatballs

Causative agent of Pityriasis versicolor?

M. furfur

CD4 count associated with Pneumocystis pneumonia?

<200

Prophylactic agent of choice for HIV patients against PCP?

TMP-SMP

Blood chemistry finding associated with PCP.

Elevated LDH

Appearance of PCP on Chest x-ray

Ground glass appearance

Stain mainly used to identify Pneumocystis on bronchioalveolar lavage ?

Methenamine Silver

Fungus that has cigar-shaped yeast.

Sporothrix schenckii

Histopathologic finding in sporotrichosis.

Granulomas with cigar shaped budding yeast.

Pattern of the lesions in sporotrichosis.

Ascending pattern along the lymphatic drainage

Sporotrichosis AKA.

Rose gardener’s disease

What causes black piedra?

Piedra hortae

What causes white piedra?

Trichosporon

Subcutaneous mycoses with melanized sclerotic bodies.

Chromoblastomycosis

Subcutaneous mycoses with melanized septate hyphae?

Phaeohyphomycosis

Subcutaneous mycoses with fistulae with hard granules.

Mycetoma

Chief polysaccharide found in fungal cell walls?

Chitin

Agar used for rapid identification of Candida species?

Chromagar

Fungal infection that attacks macrophages and may cause bloody sputum.

Histoplasmosis - it is also a mimicker of TB since it can produce bloody sputum.

Chain smoker has a flu like disease due to an asomycete and was found to have a lung abscesses.

Histoplasma

Horticulturist who develop multiple subcutaneous nodules and abscesses along the lymphatics of their upper extremities.

Sporotrichosis

Most reliable diagnostic tool for exudates of the ulcerated lesion.

Fungal culture

Treatment for sporotrichosis?

Oral itraconazole

AIDS - defining illness , fungi causing brain abscess (soap bubble lesions)

Cryptococcus neoformans

Description about Aspergillosis? (4)

1. Symptoms : cough , malaise, fevr 2. Transmission: Inhalation of airborne candida 3. CXR: collection of hyphae, mucus, and cellular debris 4. Management: Lobectomy to remove mask and surrounding tissues

Sporotrichosis Description. (4)

1. History: Horticulturist / gardener 2. Multiple subcutaneous nodules and abscesses occuring along lymphatics of right upper extremity 3. Biopsy and culture 4. Tx Oral Itraconazole

Diabetic usually exposed to hot stove develops erythematous pruritic patches beneath breast and armpit areas with satellite lesions scattered around the area.

1. Monilial intertrigo 2. Candida albicans 3. KOH oval budding spores and psedohyphal elements 4.Grows on sweaty areas, warm, moist, and unerated