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Microbiology > MYCOLOGY > Flashcards

MYCOLOGY Flashcards

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1
Q

Type of dermatophyte that causes the greatest number of human infections?

A

Anthropophilic dermatophytes

They are adapted to humans , hence they are chronic and difficult to eradicate.
But compared to zoophilic and geophilic dermatophytes , the inflammation is milder.

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2
Q

Dermatophyte that does not affect the hair?

A

Epidermophyton

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3
Q

Most common geophilic dermatophyte species causing human infections?

A

Microsporum gypseum

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4
Q

Only major classification of mycoses that is infective to other organisms.

A

Cutaneous mycoses

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5
Q

Predominant morphology of paracoccidiodes brasiliensis in the body.

A

Multiple buds in a wheel configuration

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6
Q

Most common cause of meningoencephalitis in HIV

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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7
Q

Which systemic mycosis can mimic squamous cell CA of the skin?

A

Blastomycosis

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8
Q

Bone involvement in blastomycosis causes?

A

Osteomyelitis

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9
Q

Systemic mycoses with predilection to disseminate to skin and bones?

A

Blastomycosis

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10
Q

Replication seen in blastomycosis.

A

Broad-based budding

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11
Q

Systemic mycoses that can cause meningitis?

A

Coccidiodomycosis

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12
Q

Form of coccidiodes in tissue?

A

Spherules of endospores (not yeast)

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13
Q

Transmission of coccidiomycosis?

A

Inhalation of arthrospores

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14
Q

Being a Filipino descent has a strong association with this systemic mycosis?

A

Coccidioidomycosis

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15
Q

Other name for coccidiomycosis.

A

San Joaqin Valley Fever / Desert Rheumatism

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16
Q

Symptom of coccidiomycosis that suggests robust immune response.

A

Erythema nodosum

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17
Q

Systemic mycosis that resides intracellularly in macrophages.

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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18
Q

Histoplasmosis can disseminate to these two organs?

A

Lung & Spleen ( Reticuloendothelial System)

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19
Q

Cutaneous manifestation of histoplasmosis ?

A

Erythema nodosum, especially on the shins

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20
Q

Histoplasma are _________ than RBCs.

A

Smaller

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21
Q

Coccidioides are ____________ than RBCs.

A

Larger

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22
Q

Classic histology finding in Histoplasma.

A

Macrophages with oval bodies

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23
Q

Dimorphic fungus with mariners wheel configuration?

A

Paracoccidioides brasilensis

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24
Q

Dimorphic fungus that causes mucosal ulcers in the mouth?

A

Paracoccidioides brasilensis

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25
Q

Form of candida albicans in cooler temperatures (20 c)

A

Yeast form ( exception to the yeast in the heat)

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26
Q

Form of candida albicans in warmer temperatures (37 c)

A

Germ tubes

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27
Q

Form of candidiasis that is AIDS-defining ?

A

Esophageal

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28
Q

Skin infections with Candida cause these lesion ?

A

Satellite lesions

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29
Q

Specific immune cells dysfunction associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis ?

A

Lack of T-cell function

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30
Q

Route of transmission of cryptococcal infections?

A

Inhalation of yeast cells

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31
Q

Test for rapid detection of antigen in Cryptococci?

A

Latex agglutination test

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32
Q

Stains that can be use to stain cryptococci red?

A

Mucicarmine stain

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33
Q

Description of lesions left by Cryptococcus infection on gray matter?

A

Soap bubble lesions

34
Q

Treatment of choice for cryptococcal meningitis?

A

Amphotericin B+ Flucytosine

35
Q

Fungus that can cause a fungus ball in post-TB lung cavities .

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

36
Q

Mode of transmission of Aspergillus.

A

Inhalation of airborne conidia

37
Q

What fungal infection can present with ring enhancing lesion on CT?

A

Angioinvasive aspergillosis

38
Q

Aspergillus complication that causes eosinophilia and mucus plugs in bronchioles?

A

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)

39
Q

Two medically important fungi that are catalase positive?

A

Candida & Aspergillus

40
Q

Branching pattern of Aspergillus?

A

Acute angle branching hyphae with septations

41
Q

Carcinogen produced by aspergillus.

A

Aflatoxins

42
Q

Specific mutations caused by Aspergillus?

A

G:C to T:A mutation in codon 249 of p53

43
Q

What acts as a siderophore for Rhizopus?

A

Deferoxamine

44
Q

How does mucormycosis enter the CNS ?

A

Via the Cribriform plate

45
Q

Branching pattern of Mucor?

A

Non-septated with right -angle branching

46
Q

Population most at risk for mucormycosis?

A

Diabetic patients in DKA

47
Q

Dermatophytes contain this enzyme which allows them to survive in the skin.

A

Keratinase

48
Q

The 3 major dermatophytes genera.

A
  1. Trichophyton
  2. Epidermophyton
  3. Microsporum
49
Q

Dermatophyte that can infect skin, hair and nails.

A

Trichophyton

50
Q

Dermatophyte that spares the nails?

A

Microsporum

51
Q

Dermatophyte that spares the hair?

A

Epidermophyton

52
Q

Dermatophyte that can be identified via Woods light?

A

Microsporum

53
Q

Fungus that can cause septicemia in newborn patients on total parenteral nutrition.

A

Malassezia furfur

54
Q

Layer of the epidermis where M. furfur resides.

A

Stratum corneum

55
Q

Appearance of M. furfur on KOH prep.

A

Spaghetti and Meatballs

56
Q

Causative agent of Pityriasis versicolor?

A

M. furfur

57
Q

CD4 count associated with Pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

<200

58
Q

Prophylactic agent of choice for HIV patients against PCP?

A

TMP-SMP

59
Q

Blood chemistry finding associated with PCP.

A

Elevated LDH

60
Q

Appearance of PCP on Chest x-ray

A

Ground glass appearance

61
Q

Stain mainly used to identify Pneumocystis on bronchioalveolar lavage ?

A

Methenamine Silver

62
Q

Fungus that has cigar-shaped yeast.

A

Sporothrix schenckii

63
Q

Histopathologic finding in sporotrichosis.

A

Granulomas with cigar shaped budding yeast.

64
Q

Pattern of the lesions in sporotrichosis.

A

Ascending pattern along the lymphatic drainage

65
Q

Sporotrichosis AKA.

A

Rose gardener’s disease

66
Q

What causes black piedra?

A

Piedra hortae

67
Q

What causes white piedra?

A

Trichosporon

68
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses with melanized sclerotic bodies.

A

Chromoblastomycosis

69
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses with melanized septate hyphae?

A

Phaeohyphomycosis

70
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses with fistulae with hard granules.

A

Mycetoma

71
Q

Chief polysaccharide found in fungal cell walls?

A

Chitin

72
Q

Agar used for rapid identification of Candida species?

A

Chromagar

73
Q

Fungal infection that attacks macrophages and may cause bloody sputum.

A

Histoplasmosis - it is also a mimicker of TB since it can produce bloody sputum.

74
Q

Chain smoker has a flu like disease due to an asomycete and was found to have a lung abscesses.

A

Histoplasma

75
Q

Horticulturist who develop multiple subcutaneous nodules and abscesses along the lymphatics of their upper extremities.

A

Sporotrichosis

76
Q

Most reliable diagnostic tool for exudates of the ulcerated lesion.

A

Fungal culture

77
Q

Treatment for sporotrichosis?

A

Oral itraconazole

78
Q

AIDS - defining illness , fungi causing brain abscess (soap bubble lesions)

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

79
Q

Description about Aspergillosis? (4)

A
  1. Symptoms : cough , malaise, fevr
  2. Transmission: Inhalation of airborne candida
  3. CXR: collection of hyphae, mucus, and cellular debris
  4. Management: Lobectomy to remove mask and surrounding tissues
80
Q

Sporotrichosis Description. (4)

A
  1. History: Horticulturist / gardener
  2. Multiple subcutaneous nodules and abscesses occuring along lymphatics of right upper extremity
  3. Biopsy and culture
  4. Tx Oral Itraconazole
81
Q

Diabetic usually exposed to hot stove develops erythematous pruritic patches beneath breast and armpit areas with satellite lesions scattered around the area.

A
  1. Monilial intertrigo
  2. Candida albicans
  3. KOH oval budding spores and psedohyphal elements
    4.Grows on sweaty areas, warm, moist, and unerated

Microbiology (9 decks)

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