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MSII: Microbiology Unit 6 > parasitic diseases of GI tract (5) > Flashcards

parasitic diseases of GI tract (5) Flashcards

1
Q

what are the most common protozoa infections in the US (2)

A

giardia lamblia

cryptosporidium parvum

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2
Q

what are the 2 morphological forms of giardia?

A

cysts (infectious

trophozoites

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3
Q

it can be difficult to recognize a water supply with infected giardiasis while it goes on affecting a whole community, why is this?

A

because the asymptomatic infection occurs in 50% of people, and in 5-15% of people there is shedding of the cysts

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4
Q

how do you diagnose a giardia infection

A

initially stool microscopy and then immunoassays for greater sensitivity

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5
Q

how is cryptosporidium transmitted

A

oocysts in the feces to person, food or water

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6
Q

besides GI effects, what other system can be involved in cryptosporidium

A

biliary tract infection

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7
Q

what causes intestinal amebiasis

A

protozoan Entamoeba histolytica

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8
Q

what some extraintestinal manifestations of entamoeba histolytcia

A

amebic liver abscesses

more rare: pulmonary, cardiac and brain involvment

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9
Q

in most infections with e. histolytica, the trophozoites in the intestines just aggregate in the intestinal mucin layer, form new cysts and cause a self limited/asymptomatic infection..what is the other possibility of what could happen? explain how this happens

A

adherence to and lysis of the colonic epithelium, mediated by the galactose and N acetyl D galactosamine specific lectin which initiates the invasion of the colon by the trophozoites

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10
Q

what is the most common disease manifestation of infection with E. histolytica

A

amebic diarrhea without dysentery

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11
Q

what is amebic dysentery (aka amebic colitis)?

A

diarrhea with mucus or visible or microscopic blood

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12
Q

a patient just came back from traveling and has right upper quad pain and fever, what are you thinking about

A

amebic liver abscess from a E. histolytica infection

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13
Q

common name for taenia solium

A

pork tape worm

think, solium looks like sodium and ham is known for being salty

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14
Q

common name for taenia saginata

A

beef tapeworm

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15
Q

common name for dihyllobothrium latum

A

fish tapeworm

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16
Q

what is the rule about humans being a host a cestode parasite

A

humans are either definitive or intermediate host but not both

1 exception- T. solium

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17
Q

what tapeworms are humans the definitive host

A

D latum and T. saginata

18
Q

if a human ingests an egg in food or water contaminated with T. solium what develops?

A

cysticercus (esp in the brain)

19
Q

how does T. saginata infect humans? what disease does it cause

A

larvae in undercooked beef

causes adult tapeworm

20
Q

how does D. latum infect humans? what disease does it cause

A

larvae in undercooked fish

adult tapeworm

21
Q

which tapeworm can cause B12 deficiency

A

D. latum

22
Q

how does echinococcus granulosus infect humans? what disease does it cause?

A

eggs in food or water contaminated with DOG feces

causes hydatid cysts, esp in liver and lungs

23
Q

which of the tapeworms is a major cause of adult onset seizures

A

T. solium cysticercosis

24
Q

so your patient just ingested an undercooked piece of pork that you suspect has T. solium infection, so now you should look out for seizures?

A

NO. undercooked pork cannot cause cysticercosis.. it results in intestinal tapeworm (which can be asymptomatic) if the pork indeed had larval cysts

25
Q

what are cestodes? and what helminths are in this group

A

flat worms

Taenias
D. latum
echinococcus granulosus

26
Q

what are the 2 main parts that make up a cestode

A

rounded head- scolex

flat body with multiple segments (each segment is called a proglottid)

27
Q

so you said D. latum can cause vit B12 deficiency. what are the 2 ways it does this

A
  1. parasite mediated dissociation of the vit B12-IF complex in the gut lumen
  2. the parasite actually uptakes the vitamin and uses it for is SHELLFISH self (get it..selfish, but also shellfish because this is transmitted via undercooked fish)
28
Q

what are the 6 nematodes (roundworms)

A
  1. enterobius- pinworm
  2. trichuris- whipworm
  3. ascaris-giant roundworm
  4. necator- hookworm
  5. ancylostoma- hookworm
  6. strongyloides- small roundworm
29
Q

how do you get an infection with
enterobius (pinworm)
trichuris (whipworm)
ascaris (giant worm)

how is it diagnosed?

A

ingestion of eggs

dx by eggs on the skin

30
Q

how do you get an infection with
ancylostoma and necator (hookworm)
strongyloides (small roundworm)

how is it diagnosed?

A

larval penetration of skin

dx by eggs in stools

31
Q

where are the adult worms in an ascaris infection

A

free in lumen of small bowel

mainly jejnum

32
Q

where are the adult worms in an trichuris infection

A

anchored in superficial mucosa of cecum and colon

33
Q

where are the adult worms in an necator and ancylostoma (the hookworms) infection

A

attached to mucosa of mid to upper portion of small bowel

34
Q

where are the adult worms in an strongyloides infection

A

embedded in mucosa of duodenum, jejnum

35
Q

where are the adult worms in an enterobius (pinworm) infection

A

free in lumen of cecum, appendix, adjacent colon

36
Q

whats the most common helminthic infection in humans? in the US?

A

ascariasis in the world

enterobiasis (pin worm) in the US

37
Q

ascariasis infection is usually asymptomatic, but if it invades the lung tissue, what can it cause

A

provokes an immune mediated hypersensitivity response

nonproductive cough, chest discomfort, fever and eosinophilia

severe can develop loffler syndrome

38
Q

what are the most common symptoms of enterobiasis (pin worm)

A

perianal itching (at night time the worms migrate to the perianal area and lay their eggs)

39
Q

what helmith can you see anal prolapse

A

trichuriasis

40
Q

what deficiencies can hookworm be assoc with

A

iron deficiency anemia and protein energy malnutrition

MSII: Microbiology Unit 6 (10 decks)

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