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MSII: Microbiology Unit 6 > congenital infections (9) > Flashcards

congenital infections (9) Flashcards

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1
Q

when is a fetus at the highest risk from toxins, mutagens, infections

A

1st trimester

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2
Q

what is worse for the fetus, primary or reactivation infection

A

primary infection (higher infectious dose)

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3
Q

how do you make a definitive diagnosis of a fetal infectious disease

A

isolate pathogen from the INFANT

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4
Q

what fetal infection is the highest in the US

A

CMV

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5
Q

what does the other stand for in torch (6)

A 
syphilis
hepB
VZV
B19
HIV
HTLV1
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6
Q

how do most infants with congenital toxoplasmosis present at birth

A

asymptomatic

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7
Q

what is the classic triad of congenital toxoplasmosis

A
  1. chorioretinitis
  2. hydrocephalus
  3. intracranial calcifications
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8
Q

how do you treat congenital toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethamine (Daraprim) + Sulfadiazine + Folinic acid (Leucovorin)

treat for 1 year

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9
Q

what is the most common late finding of congenital toxoplasmosis infection

A

chorioretinitis (which can result in vision loss)

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10
Q

when do the symptoms of congenital syphilis usually present

A

by 3 months

usually by 5 weeks

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11
Q

what are some signs of congenital syphilis

A 
large puffy white placenta
hepatomegaly
rhinitis (snuffles)
rash
lymphadenopathy
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12
Q

how do you treat syphilis

A

treat mother and infant with penicillin

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13
Q

what is the most common symptom seen in congenital rubuella?

what are some other symptoms?

A

most common-hearing loss

congenital heart defects (PDA)
ophthalmic problems
IUGR
neuro problems

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14
Q

most CMV congenitally infected infants are asymptomatic at birth, 10% have symptoms, what are some?

A

– small size, hepatosplenomegaly, rash, jaundice, chorioretinitis, neurologic
involvement, including microcephaly, seizures, abnormal neurologic examination,
and feeding difficulties

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15
Q

what are 2 drugs that can be used for congenital CMV infection

A

– Ganciclovir IV

– Valganciclovir PO

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16
Q

type 1 or type 2, what herpes is worse for babies

A

type 2

17
Q

whats worse, intrauterine infection of perinatal infection with HSV2

A

intrauterine infection

18
Q

whats worse for the infant, a disseminated infection or encephalitis

A

disseminated infection

19
Q

what is the most severe situation for a infant getting a herpes infection? what are the outcomes for this presentation

A

mother has primary HSV2 infection during prego and fetus is born with disseminated disease
severe mental impairment, death

20
Q

how can you treat an infant with congenital herpes

A

IV acyclovir

21
Q

congenital varicella syndrome is very rare, but how can we prevent it?

A

vaccination of all seronegative woman at child bearing age

acyclovir for mother

22
Q

what are the other names for paravirus B19

A

5th disease

erythema infectiosum

23
Q

so paravirus is the 5th disease, what are the first 4?

A

1st varicella
2nd rubella
3rd roseola
4th measles

idk if this is imp to know

24
Q

B19 is a biphasic disease, explain this to me

A

-Febrile illness without rash precedes
-“slapped cheek” rash on face
- Erythematous maculopapular rash, arthralgia,
arthritis

25
Q

what is the treatment and prevention for B19

A

none!

26
Q

how can you prevent & treat an infant that was exposed to hep B

A
  • Vaccinate all neonates

- Add HBIG immune globulin at birth if mother is HBV +

27
Q

if a woman with HIV isn’t already on a set treatment regime, what antiretrovial treatment should you give them?

A

zidovudine regime antenatal, intrapartum and neonatal

28
Q

what is the agent in group B strep

A

streptoccus agalactiae

29
Q

what is the bacteriology of strep agalactiae
gram stain
shape

A

gram positive

shape: diplococcus

30
Q

what are some risk factors for early onset GBS disease

A
  • Previous baby with GBS disease
  • GBS in urine
  • Fever during labor
  • Heavy maternal colonization
  • Delivery before 37 weeks of gestation
  • Premature or prolonged rupture of membranes
31
Q

what are the time frames for the GBS infections

A 
early onset (in 1st week)
late onset (1 week-3 mo)
late, late onset (greater than 3 months)
32
Q

what symptom predominates in the early onset GBS

A

respiatory

33
Q

what symptom predominates in the late onset of GBS infection

A

CNS symptoms

34
Q

a mother is GBS positive, what do you do?

A
  • IAP: Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis

- Penicillin G, IV

35
Q

what congenital infections have vaccines (3)

A

rubella
varicella
hepB

MSII: Microbiology Unit 6 (10 decks)

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